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A trade-off model for immunocompetence: The potential contribution of immunological regulation in invasive vertebrate success.
Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-08-07 , DOI: 10.1002/jez.2314
Marie-Véronique Poirier 1
Affiliation  

Invasive species have become a prolific environmental issue, second only to climate change, yet many of the phenomena that facilitate invasive success are not well understood (Phillip & Shine, Proc. Roy. Soc. B, 273, 1545‐1550). The combination of several generalist life‐history traits, certain physiological mechanisms, and environmental conditions is thought to play a significant role in invasion success. The ability to undergo fitness trade‐offs—to reallocate nutritional and energetic resources towards processes that increase reproduction, growth, and dispersal—is also thought to be an adaptive quality of many invasive species. Due to their inherent flexibility, phenotypically plastic traits in particular are often targeted for fitness reallocations. Immune function, for example, is determined by a highly plastic phenotype, which is crucial for combating a diverse array of pathogens. When active, immune function also demands extensive resources from the host. Laboratory and field studies suggest that certain aspects of the immune system are more costly than others, though, and that its components can be regulated independent of one another. In invasive species undergoing fitness trade‐offs, costly innate inflammatory responses are often downregulated, while antibody‐mediated responses may be enhanced. A combination of fixed physiological responses and environmentally induced trade‐offs are thought to regulate the immune system, though the relationship between these facets of regulation is still an area of active research. The field of ecoimmunology, then, has emerged in effort to understand the phenomena by which individual immune regulation can drive (and be driven by) species‐level ecology and evolution, and therefore be linked to invasive success (Downs et al., 2014. Integr. Compar. Biol., 54, 340–352).

中文翻译:

免疫能力的权衡模型:免疫调节对侵入性脊椎动物成功的潜在贡献。

入侵物种已成为仅次于气候变化的多产环境​​问题,但许多促成入侵成功的现象尚未得到很好的理解(Phillip&Shine,Proc。Roy。Soc。B,273)。(1545-1550)。几种通才生活史特征,某些生理机制和环境条件的结合被认为在入侵成功中起着重要作用。进行适应性折衷的能力(将营养和精力资源重新分配到增加繁殖,生长和扩散的过程中)也被认为是许多入侵物种的适应性素质。由于其固有的柔韧性,尤其是表型可塑性性状通常适合健身。例如,免疫功能取决于高度可塑性的表型,这对于抵抗多种病原体至关重要。活跃时,免疫功能还需要宿主提供大量资源。实验室和现场研究表明,免疫系统的某些方面比其他方面的成本更高,而且其组成部分可以相互独立地进行调节。在进行适应性权衡的入侵物种中,昂贵的先天炎症反应通常被下调,而抗体介导的反应可能会增强。固定的生理反应和环境诱导的折衷相结合可以调节免疫系统,尽管这些调节方面之间的关系仍然是活跃的研究领域。因此,生态免疫学领域正在努力了解个体免疫调节可以驱动(并由物种级生态和进化驱动,并因此与入侵性成功相关的现象)(Downs等人,2014。并且其组成部分可以相互独立地进行监管。在进行适应性权衡的入侵物种中,昂贵的先天炎症反应通常被下调,而抗体介导的反应可能会增强。固定的生理反应和环境诱导的折衷相结合可以调节免疫系统,尽管这些调节方面之间的关系仍然是活跃的研究领域。因此,生态免疫学领域正在努力了解个体免疫调节可以驱动(并由物种级生态和进化驱动,并因此与入侵性成功相关的现象)(Downs等人,2014。并且其组成部分可以相互独立地进行监管。在进行适应性权衡的入侵物种中,昂贵的先天炎症反应通常被下调,而抗体介导的反应可能会增强。固定的生理反应和环境诱导的折衷相结合可以调节免疫系统,尽管这些调节方面之间的关系仍然是活跃的研究领域。因此,生态免疫学领域正在努力了解个体免疫调节可以驱动(并由物种级生态和进化驱动,并因此与入侵性成功相关的现象)(Downs等人,2014。昂贵的先天性炎症反应通常被下调,而抗体介导的反应可能会增强。固定的生理反应和环境诱导的折衷相结合可以调节免疫系统,尽管这些调节方面之间的关系仍然是活跃的研究领域。因此,生态免疫学领域正在努力了解个体免疫调节可以驱动(并由物种级生态和进化驱动,并因此与入侵性成功相关的现象)(Downs等人,2014。昂贵的先天性炎症反应通常被下调,而抗体介导的反应可能会增强。固定的生理反应和环境诱导的折衷相结合可以调节免疫系统,尽管这些调节方面之间的关系仍然是活跃的研究领域。因此,生态免疫学领域正在努力了解个体免疫调节可以驱动(并由物种级生态和进化驱动,并因此与入侵性成功相关的现象)(Downs等人,2014。尽管监管的这些方面之间的关系仍然是活跃的研究领域。因此,生态免疫学领域正在努力了解个体免疫调节可以驱动(并由物种级生态和进化驱动,并因此与入侵性成功相关的现象)(Downs等人,2014。尽管监管的这些方面之间的关系仍然是活跃的研究领域。因此,生态免疫学领域正在努力了解个体免疫调节可以驱动(并由物种级生态和进化驱动,并因此与入侵性成功相关的现象)(Downs等人,2014。整数 比较。生物化学杂志,第54卷,第340-352页)。
更新日期:2019-08-07
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