Symbiotic associations with microorganisms represent major sources of ecological and evolutionary innovations in insects. Multiple insect taxa engage in symbioses with bacteria of the genus Burkholderia, a diverse group that is widespread across different environments and whose members can be mutualistic or pathogenic to plants, fungi, and animals. Burkholderia symbionts provide nutritional benefits and resistance against insecticides to stinkbugs, defend Lagria beetle eggs against pathogenic fungi, and may be involved in nitrogen metabolism in ants. In contrast to many other insect symbioses, the known associations with Burkholderia are characterized by environmental symbiont acquisition or mixed-mode transmission, resulting in interesting ecological and evolutionary dynamics of symbiont strain composition. Insect-Burkholderia symbioses present valuable model systems from which to derive insights into general principles governing symbiotic interactions because they are often experimentally and genetically tractable and span a large fraction of the diversity of functions, localizations, and transmission routes represented in insect symbioses.

中文翻译：

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昆虫与伯克霍尔德菌之间的多功能和动态共生。

与微生物的共生联系代表了昆虫生态和进化创新的主要来源。多种昆虫分类群与伯克霍尔德氏菌属细菌共生，伯克霍尔德氏菌属是一个在不同环境中广泛分布的多样化群体，其成员对植物，真菌和动物可能是互惠的或致病的。伯克霍尔德菌共生体提供营养益处，并具有对杀虫剂的防臭效果，可保护拉格里拉甲虫卵免受致病性真菌侵害，并可能参与蚂蚁的氮代谢。与许多其他昆虫共生体相反，与伯克霍尔德菌的已知关联以环境共生体获取或混合模式传播为特征，导致共生体菌株组成的有趣的生态和进化动力学。