Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is becoming a standard manufacturing practice for a variety of biomaterials and biomedical devices. This layer-by-layer methodology provides the ability to fabricate parts from computer-aided design files without the need for part-specific tooling. Three-dimensional printed medical components have transformed the field of medicine through on-demand patient care with specialized treatment such as local, strategically timed drug delivery, and replacement of once-functioning body parts. Not only can 3DP technology provide individualized components, it also allows for advanced medical care, including surgical planning models to aid in training and provide temporary guides during surgical procedures for reinforced clinical success. Despite the advancement in 3DP technology, many challenges remain for forward progress, including sterilization concerns, reliability, and reproducibility. This article offers an overview of biomaterials and biomedical devices derived from metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites that can be three-dimensionally printed, as well as other techniques related to 3DP in medicine, including surgical planning, bioprinting, and drug delivery.

中文翻译：

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三维打印生物材料和生物医疗器械的临床意义。

三维打印 (3DP) 正在成为各种生物材料和生物医学设备的标准制造实践。这种逐层方法提供了根据计算机辅助设计文件制造零件的能力，而无需特定于零件的工具。三维打印医疗组件通过按需患者护理和专业治疗（例如局部、战略性定时药物输送和更换曾经具有功能的身体部位）改变了医学领域。3DP 技术不仅可以提供个性化组件，还可以提供先进的医疗护理，包括手术规划模型，以帮助培训并在手术过程中提供临时指南，以增强临床成功。尽管 3DP 技术取得了进步，但向前发展仍面临许多挑战，包括灭菌问题、可靠性和可重复性。本文概述了由金属、陶瓷、聚合物和复合材料衍生的可进行 3D 打印的生物材料和生物医学设备，以及与医学 3DP 相关的其他技术，包括手术规划、生物打印和药物输送。