Research shows that smokers feel stigmatized, but does stigmatizing smokers do more harm than good? The model of stigma-induced identity threat was used to experimentally examine how U.S. and Danish smokers respond to stigma-relevant cues. Heavy smokers (112 Americans, 112 Danes) smoked a cigarette while giving a speech that was either video (stigma-visible condition) or audio recorded (stigma-concealed condition). Smokers high in self-concept reacted to the stigma-visible (as opposed to the stigma-concealed) condition with greater physiological reactivity (b = -2.80, p = .05), cognitive depletion (U.S. smokers, b = -0.06, p = .11), self-exempting beliefs (b = 0.32, p < .001), and less interest in stopping smoking (b = 0.28, p = .02). Thus, stigmatization led smokers toward emotional, cognitive, and attitudinal reactions that might make them less likely to quit. Future research should examine when smokers respond to stigmatization by quitting rather than with resistance or indifference.

中文翻译：

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如果我们对它们进行标准化，会帮助他们吗？美国和丹麦吸烟者中斯蒂格玛诱发的身份威胁模型的测试。

研究表明，吸烟者感到受了耻辱，但是污蔑吸烟者弊大于利吗？柱头引起的身份威胁模型用于实验性地研究美国和丹麦吸烟者如何应对与柱头相关的线索。大量吸烟者（112名美国人，112名丹麦人）在抽烟的同时讲话是视频（柱头可见状态）或录音（柱头隐藏状态）。自我概念高的吸烟者对可见的柱头可见（与隐蔽的柱头相反）的反应具有更高的生理反应性（b = -2.80，p = .05），认知耗竭（美国吸烟者，b = -0.06，p = .11），自我豁免的信念（b = 0.32，p <.001）和对戒烟的兴趣较小（b = 0.28，p = .02）。因此，污名化导致吸烟者转向情绪，认知，态度上的反应可能会使他们戒烟的可能性降低。未来的研究应该检查吸烟者何时通过戒烟而不是抵抗或冷漠来回应侮辱。