Preeclampsia is a medical condition specific to pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the woman's urine, indicating kidney damage. It is one of the most serious reproductive conditions, posing substantial risks to the baby and potentially fatal for the mother. The causes of preeclampsia are largely unknown and environmental contaminants merit further investigation. The aim of this review was to determine the association between environmental chemical exposures and preeclampsia. PubMed was searched for articles examining a priori chemical exposures and preeclampsia through April 2018. Studies were included in our review if they included at least 10 cases, evaluated preeclampsia independent of gestational hypertension, and used either measured or modeled exposure assessments. Our review contained 28 investigations examining persistent organic pollutants (POP) (6 studies), drinking water contaminants (1 study), atmospheric pollutants (11 studies), metals and metalloids (6 studies), and other environmental contaminants (4 studies). There were an insufficient number of investigations on most chemicals to draw definitive conclusions, but strong evidence existed for an association between preeclampsia and cadmium (Cd). There is suggestive evidence for associations between nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM)2.5, and traffic exposure with preeclampsia. There is evidence for an association between preeclampsia and Cd but insufficient literature to evaluate many other environmental chemicals. Additional studies using repeated measures, appropriate biological matrices, and mixtures methods are needed to expand this area of research and address the limitations of previous studies.

中文翻译：

---

环境污染物和先兆子痫：系统的文献综述。

子痫前期是特定于妊娠的医学病症，其特征在于女性尿液中的高血压和蛋白质，表明肾脏受损。它是最严重的生殖疾病之一，对婴儿构成重大风险，对母亲可能致命。先兆子痫的病因很大程度上是未知的，环境污染物值得进一步研究。这篇综述的目的是确定环境化学暴露与先兆子痫之间的联系。在PubMed上搜索了截至2018年4月检查先验化学暴露和先兆子痫的文章。我们的研究包括至少10例病例，独立于妊娠高血压而评估的先兆子痫，并且使用了测量或建模的暴露评估。我们的审查包括28项调查，检查持久性有机污染物（POP）（6项研究），饮用水污染物（1项研究），大气污染物（11项研究），金属和准金属（6项研究）以及其他环境污染物（4项研究）。关于大多数化学物质的调查数量尚不足以得出明确的结论，但是有充分的证据表明先兆子痫与镉之间存在关联。有迹象表明二氧化氮（NO2），颗粒物（PM）2.5和先兆子痫的交通暴露之间存在关联。有证据表明先兆子痫与镉之间存在关联，但文献不足以评估许多其他环境化学物质。使用重复措施，适当的生物基质进行的其他研究，