Adaptive governance must work "on the ground," that is, it must operate through structures and procedures that the people it governs perceive to be legitimate and fair, as well as incorporating processes and substantive goals that are effective in allowing social-ecological systems (SESs) to adapt to climate change and other impacts. To address the continuing and accelerating alterations that climate change is bringing to SESs, adaptive governance generally will require more flexibility than prior governance institutions have often allowed. However, to function as good governance, adaptive governance must pay real attention to the problem of how to balance this increased need for flexibility with continuing governance stability so that it can foster adaptation to change without being perceived or experienced as perpetually destabilizing, disruptive, and unfair. Flexibility and stability serve different purposes in governance, and a variety of tools exist to strike different balances between them while still preserving the governance institution's legitimacy among the people governed. After reviewing those purposes and the implications of climate change for environmental governance, we examine psychological insights into the structuring of adaptive governance and the variety of legal tools available to incorporate those insights into adaptive governance regimes. Because the substantive goals of governance systems will differ among specific systems, we do not purport to comment on what the normative or substantive goals of law should be. Instead, we conclude that attention to process and procedure (including participation), as well as increased use of substantive standards (instead of rules), may allow an increased level of substantive flexibility to operate with legitimacy and fairness, providing the requisite levels of psychological, social, and economic stability needed for communities to adapt successfully to the Anthropocene.

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平衡适应性治理的稳定性和灵活性：美国环境法中可用工具的分析


适应性治理必须“落地”，也就是说，它必须通过其所治理的人民认为合法和公平的结构和程序来运作，并纳入有效允许社会生态系统发展的流程和实质性目标。 SES）​​以适应气候变化和其他影响。为了应对气候变化给社会经济体系带来的持续和加速的变化，适应性治理通常需要比以前的治理机构通常允许的更大的灵活性。然而，为了发挥良好的治理作用，适应性治理必须真正关注这样一个问题：如何平衡日益增长的灵活性需求与持续的治理稳定性，以便它能够促进对变化的适应，而不被认为或体验为永久的不稳定、破坏性和破坏性。不公平。灵活性和稳定性在治理中服务于不同的目的，并且存在多种工具来在它们之间取得不同的平衡，同时仍然保持治理机构在被治理者中的合法性。在回顾了这些目的以及气候变化对环境治理的影响之后，我们研究了对适应性治理结构的心理学见解以及可将这些见解纳入适应性治理制度的各种法律工具。由于治理体系的实质性目标因具体体系而异，因此我们无意评论法律的规范性或实质性目标应该是什么。 相反，我们的结论是，对过程和程序（包括参与）的关注，以及更多地使用实质性标准（而不是规则），可能会提高实质性灵活性，以合法性和公平性运作，从而提供必要的心理水平。社区成功适应人类世所需的社会和经济稳定。