The induction of neutralizing antibodies directed against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has received considerable attention in recent years, in part driven by renewed interest and opportunities for antibody-based strategies for prevention such as passive transfer of antibodies and the development of preventive vaccines, as well as immune-based therapeutic interventions. Advances in the ability to screen, isolate, and characterize HIV-specific antibodies have led to the identification of a new generation of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). The majority of these antibodies have been isolated from B cells of chronically HIV-infected individuals with detectable viremia. In this review, we provide insight into the phenotypic and functional attributes of human B cells, with a focus on HIV-specific memory B cells and plasmablasts/cells that are responsible for sustaining humoral immune responses against HIV. We discuss the abnormalities in B cells that occur in HIV infection both in the peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues, especially in the setting of persisting viremia. Finally, we consider the opportunities and drawbacks of intensively interrogating antibodies isolated from HIV-infected individuals to guide strategies aimed at developing effective antibody-based vaccine and therapeutic interventions for HIV.

中文翻译：

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B细胞对HIV感染的反应。

近年来，针对人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的中和抗体的诱导受到了广泛的关注，部分原因是基于抗体的预防策略（例如抗体的被动转移和预防疫苗的开发）重新引起了人们的兴趣和机会，以及基于免疫的治疗干预措施。筛选，分离和表征HIV特异性抗体的能力的进步已导致鉴定出新一代有效的广泛中和抗体（bNAb）。这些抗体中的大多数已从具有可检测病毒血症的慢性HIV感染者的B细胞中分离出来。在这篇综述中，我们提供了有关人类B细胞的表型和功能属性的见解，重点关注HIV特异性记忆B细胞和浆母细胞/细胞，这些细胞负责维持针对HIV的体液免疫反应。我们讨论了在外周血和淋巴组织中，尤其是在持续病毒血症的情况下，HIV感染中发生的B细胞异常。最后，我们考虑了密集询问从HIV感染者身上分离出的抗体的机会和弊端，以指导旨在开发有效的基于抗体的疫苗和HIV治疗干预措施的策略。