It is a common laboratory practice to propagate viruses in cell culture. While convenient, these methodologies often result in unintentional genetic alterations, which have led to adaptation and even attenuation in animal models of disease. An example is the attenuation of hantaviruses (family: Bunyaviridae, genus: Hantavirus) when cultured in vitro. In this case, viruses propagated in the natural reservoir species cause disease in nonhuman primates that closely mimics the human disease, but passaging in cell culture attenuates these viruses to the extent that do not cause any measurable disease in nonhuman primates. As efforts to develop animal models progress, it will be important to take into account the influences that culture in vitro may have on the virulence of viruses. In this review we discuss this phenomenon in the context of past and recent examples in the published literature.

中文翻译：

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修改科赫关于病毒性疾病的假设：当“纯培养中的生长”导致丧失毒性时。

在细胞培养中繁殖病毒是实验室的普遍做法。这些方法虽然方便，但通常会导致意外的遗传改变，从而导致疾病动物模型的适应甚至减弱。一个例子是体外培养时汉坦病毒（家族：Bunyaviridae，属：汉坦病毒）的减毒。在这种情况下，在天然水库物种中繁殖的病毒会在非人类灵长类动物中引起疾病​​，该疾病与人类疾病极为相似，但是在细胞培养中传代会使这些病毒减弱到不会在非人类灵长类动物中引起任何可测量疾病的程度。随着开发动物模型的努力的进行，重要的是要考虑到体外培养可能对病毒的毒力的影响。