The double slit experiment provides a classic example of both interference and the effect of observation in quantum physics. When particles are sent individually through a pair of slits, a wave-like interference pattern develops, but no such interference is found when one observes which "path" the particles take. We present a model of interference, dephasing, and measurement-induced decoherence in a one-dimensional version of the double-slit experiment. Using this model, we demonstrate how the loss of interference in the system is correlated with the information gain by the measuring apparatus/observer. In doing so, we give a modern account of measurement in this paradigmatic example of quantum physics that is accessible to students taking quantum mechanics at the graduate or senior undergraduate levels.

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双缝干涉中测量引起的退相干和信息

双缝实验提供了量子物理学中干涉和观察效应的经典例子。当粒子单独通过一对狭缝发送时，会形成波状干涉图案，但当观察粒子走哪条“路径”时，不会发现这种干涉。我们在双缝实验的一维版本中提出了干扰、移相和测量引起的退相干模型。使用这个模型，我们展示了系统中的干扰损失如何与测量设备/观察者的信息增益相关联。在这样做的过程中，我们在这个量子物理学的范例中给出了现代测量的解释，在研究生或高年级本科阶段学习量子力学的学生可以使用它。