C60 fullerene (C60), or buckminsterfullerene, is a spherical arrangement of 60 carbon atoms, having a diameter of approximately 1 nm, and is produced naturally as a by-product of combustion. Due to its small size, C60 has attracted much attention for use in a variety of applications; however, insufficient information is available regarding its toxicological effects. The effects on respiratory toxicity and immunotoxicity of C60 aggregates (50 nm [nano-C60] and 1 μm [micro-C60] diameter) were examined in B6C3F1/N mice and Wistar Han rats after nose-only inhalation for 13 weeks. Exposure concentrations were selected to allow for data evaluations using both mass-based and particle surface area-based exposure metrics. Nano-C60 exposure levels selected were 0.5 and 2 mg/m3 (0.033 and 0.112 m2/m3), while micro-C60 exposures were 2, 15 and 30 mg/m3 (0.011, 0.084 and 0.167 m2/m3). There were no systemic effects on innate, cell-mediated, or humoral immune function. Pulmonary inflammatory responses (histiocytic infiltration, macrophage pigmentation, chronic inflammation) were concentration-dependent and corresponded to increases in monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (rats) and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α (mice) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Lung overload may have contributed to the pulmonary inflammatory responses observed following nano-C60 exposure at 2 mg/m3 and micro-C60 exposure at 30 mg/m3. Phenotype shifts in cells recovered from the BAL were also observed in all C60-exposed rats, regardless of the level of exposure. Overall, more severe pulmonary effects were observed for nano-C60 than for micro-C60 for mass-based exposure comparisons. However, for surface-area-based exposures, more severe pulmonary effects were observed for micro-C60 than for nano-C60, highlighting the importance of dosimetry when evaluating toxicity between nano- and microparticles.

中文翻译：

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仅鼻吸入13周后，微粒和纳米级C60富勒烯聚集体在小鼠和大鼠中的呼吸毒性和免疫毒性评估。

C60富勒烯（C60）或buckminsterfullerene是具有60个碳原子的球形排列，直径约为1 nm，是燃烧副产物天然生成的。由于体积小，C60在各种应用中引起了广泛的关注。但是，关于其毒理作用的信息尚不足。仅鼻吸入13周后，在B6C3F1 / N小鼠和Wistar Han大鼠中检查了C60聚集体（直径50 nm [纳米C60]和直径1μm[micro-C60]）对呼吸毒性和免疫毒性的影响。选择暴露浓度以允许使用基于质量和基于颗粒表面积的暴露指标进行数据评估。选择的Nano-C60暴露水平为0.5和2 mg / m3（0.033和0.112 m2 / m3），而micro-C60暴露水平为2、15和30 mg / m3（0.011，0.084和0.167平方米/立方米）。对先天的，细胞介导的或体液的免疫功能没有全身作用。肺炎反应（组织细胞浸润，巨噬细胞色素沉着，慢性炎症）是浓度依赖性的，并对应于支气管肺泡灌洗（BAL）中单核细胞趋化蛋白（MCP）-1（大鼠）和巨噬细胞炎性蛋白（MIP）-1α（小鼠）的增加。 ） 体液。在2 mg / m3的纳米C60暴露和30 mg / m3的microC60暴露后，肺部超负荷可能导致了肺炎症反应。无论暴露水平如何，在所有暴露于C60的大鼠中也观察到了从BAL回收的细胞的表型改变。总体而言，对于基于质量的暴露比较，纳米C60的肺部影响比微C60的严重。然而，