It is now clear that many intracellular signals result from multiple membrane-bound compartments acting in concert. Membrane contact sites, regions of close apposition between organelles, have emerged as major points of convergence during signalling, as these are places where material is exchanged. The material exchanged can be either water-insoluble molecules such as membrane lipids that are passed directly between organelles, or ions such as Ca(2+). Here we highlight new insights into the role of contacts in signalling by second messengers, including lipid traffic that underpins re-generation of IP3, the regulation of NAADP and store-operated Ca(2+) signals, and possible involvement in cyclic AMP signalling.

中文翻译：

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在膜接触部位发出信号：两个膜结合在一起处理第二信使。

现在很清楚，许多细胞内信号是由多个协同作用的膜结合区室产生的。膜接触位点，即细胞器之间紧密相邻的区域，已成为信号传导过程中的主要汇聚点，因为这些是物质交换的地方。交换的材料可以是不溶于水的分子，例如直接在细胞器之间传递的膜脂，也可以是离子，例如 Ca(2+)。在这里，我们强调了接触在第二信使信号传导中的作用的新见解，包括支持 IP3 再生的脂质运输、NAADP 和储存操作的 Ca(2+) 信号的调节，以及可能参与循环 AMP 信号传导。