Three processes act in series to accurately replicate the eukaryotic nuclear genome. The major replicative DNA polymerases strongly prevent mismatch formation, occasional mismatches that do form are proofread during replication, and rare mismatches that escape proofreading are corrected by mismatch repair (MMR). This review focuses on MMR in light of increasing knowledge about nuclear DNA replication enzymology and the rate and specificity with which mismatches are generated during leading- and lagging-strand replication. We consider differences in MMR efficiency in relation to mismatch recognition, signaling to direct MMR to the nascent strand, mismatch removal, and the timing of MMR. These studies are refining our understanding of relationships between generating and repairing replication errors to achieve accurate replication of both DNA strands of the nuclear genome.

中文翻译：

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与 DNA 复制相关的真核错配修复。

三个过程串联作用以精确复制真核细胞核基因组。主要的复制 DNA 聚合酶强烈防止错配形成，偶尔形成的错配会在复制过程中进行校对，而逃脱校对的罕见错配则通过错配修复 (MMR) 进行纠正。鉴于对核 DNA 复制酶学以及前导链和滞后链复制过程中产生错配的速率和特异性的了解不断增加，本综述重点关注 MMR。我们考虑与错配识别、将 MMR 引导至新生链的信号、错配消除以及 MMR 时间相关的 MMR 效率差异。这些研究正在加深我们对复制错误产生和修复之间关系的理解，以实现核基因组两条 DNA 链的精确复制。