Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is usually acquired silently early in life and carried thereafter as an asymptomatic infection of the B lymphoid system. However, many circumstances disturb the delicate EBV-host balance and cause the virus to display its pathogenic potential. Thus, primary infection in adolescence can manifest as infectious mononucleosis (IM), as a fatal illness that magnifies the immunopathology of IM in boys with the X-linked lymphoproliferative disease trait, and as a chronic active disease leading to life-threatening hemophagocytosis in rare cases of T or natural killer (NK) cell infection. Patients with primary immunodeficiencies affecting the NK and/or T cell systems, as well as immunosuppressed transplant recipients, handle EBV infections poorly, and many are at increased risk of virus-driven B-lymphoproliferative disease. By contrast, a range of other EBV-positive malignancies of lymphoid or epithelial origin arise in individuals with seemingly intact immune systems through mechanisms that remain to be understood.

中文翻译：

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Epstein-Barr 病毒引起的疾病的免疫学。


EB 病毒 (EBV) 通常在生命早期悄悄获得，此后作为 B 淋巴系统的无症状感染携带。然而，许多情况会扰乱 EB 病毒与宿主之间微妙的平衡，导致病毒发挥其致病潜力。因此，青春期的原发性感染可表现为传染性单核细胞增多症 (IM)，是一种致命性疾病，会放大具有 X 连锁淋巴细胞增殖性疾病特征的男孩的 IM 免疫病理学，并且是一种慢性活动性疾病，导致罕见的危及生命的噬血细胞症。 T 细胞或自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞感染病例。患有影响 NK 和/或 T 细胞系统的原发性免疫缺陷的患者以及免疫抑制的移植受者对 EBV 感染的处理能力较差，并且许多人患病毒驱动的 B 淋巴细胞增殖性疾病的风险增加。相比之下，一系列其他 EBV 阳性的淋巴或上皮来源的恶性肿瘤是在免疫系统看似完整的个体中出现的，其机制仍有待了解。