Protein SUMOylation is a critically important posttranslational protein modification that participates in nearly all aspects of cellular physiology. In the nearly 20 years since its discovery, SUMOylation has emerged as a major regulator of nuclear function, and more recently, it has become clear that SUMOylation has key roles in the regulation of protein trafficking and function outside of the nucleus. In neurons, SUMOylation participates in cellular processes ranging from neuronal differentiation and control of synapse formation to regulation of synaptic transmission and cell survival. It is a highly dynamic and usually transient modification that enhances or hinders interactions between proteins, and its consequences are extremely diverse. Hundreds of different proteins are SUMO substrates, and dysfunction of protein SUMOylation is implicated in a many different diseases. Here we briefly outline core aspects of the SUMO system and provide a detailed overview of the current understanding of the roles of SUMOylation in healthy and diseased neurons.

中文翻译：

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神经元 SUMOylation：神经元功能障碍的机制、生理学和作用。


蛋白质 SUMO 化是一种极其重要的翻译后蛋白质修饰，几乎参与细胞生理学的所有方面。自发现以来的近 20 年间，SUMO 化已成为核功能的主要调节剂，最近，人们已经清楚 SUMO 化在调节蛋白质运输和核外功能方面发挥着关键作用。在神经元中，SUMOylation 参与从神经元分化和突触形成控制到突触传递和细胞存活调节的细胞过程。它是一种高度动态且通常是短暂的修饰，可增强或阻碍蛋白质之间的相互作用，其后果极其多样化。数百种不同的蛋白质是 SUMO 底物，蛋白质 SUMO 化功能障碍与许多不同的疾病有关。在这里，我们简要概述了 SUMO 系统的核心方面，并详细概述了目前对 SUMO 化在健康和患病神经元中的作用的理解。