A developmental cascade defines a longitudinal relation in which one psychological characteristic uniquely affects another psychological characteristic later in time, separately from other intrapersonal and extrapersonal factors. Here, we report results of a large-scale (N = 374), normative, prospective, 14-year longitudinal, multivariate, multisource, controlled study of a developmental cascade from infant motor-exploratory competence at 5 months to adolescent academic achievement at 14 years, through conceptually related and age-appropriate measures of psychometric intelligence at 4 and 10 years and academic achievement at 10 years. This developmental cascade applied equally to girls and boys and was independent of children’s behavioral adjustment and social competence; mothers’ supportive caregiving, verbal intelligence, education, and parenting knowledge; and the material home environment. Infants who were more motorically mature and who explored more actively at 5 months of age achieved higher academic levels as 14-year-olds.

中文翻译：

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身体发育和探索性的幼儿有助于他们自己的长期学业成就


发展级联定义了一种纵向关系，其中一种心理特征在以后的时间里独特地影响另一种心理特征，与其他个人内和个人外因素分开。在此，我们报告了一项大规模 (N = 374)、规范性、前瞻性、14 年纵向、多变量、多来源、对照研究的结果，该研究涉及从 5 个月大的婴儿运动探索能力到 14 岁青少年的学业成就的发展级联岁，通过概念相关且适合年龄的 4 岁和 10 岁心理智力测量以及 10 岁学业成就测量。这种发展级联同样适用于女孩和男孩，并且独立于儿童的行为调整和社交能力；母亲的支持性照顾、语言智力、教育和育儿知识；以及物质的家居环境。 5 个月大时运动能力更加成熟、探索更加积极的婴儿在 14 岁时取得了更高的学业水平。