INTRODUCTION Given the biological complexity of the ageing process, there is no single, simple and reliable measure of how healthily someone is ageing. Intervention studies need a panel of measures which capture key features of healthy ageing. To help guide our research in this area, we have adopted the concept of the "Healthy Ageing Phenotype" (HAP) and this study aimed to (i) identify the most important features of the HAP and (ii) identify/develop tools for measurement of those features. METHODS After a comprehensive assessment of the literature we selected the following domains: physiological and metabolic health, physical capability, cognitive function, social wellbeing, and psychological wellbeing which we hoped would provide a reasonably holistic characterisation of the HAP. We reviewed the literature and identified systematic reviews and/or meta-analysis of cohort studies, and clinical guidelines on outcome measures of these domains relevant to the HAP. Selection criteria for these measures included: frequent use in longitudinal studies of ageing; expected to change with age; evidence for strong association with/prediction of ageing-related phenotypes such as morbidity, mortality and lifespan; whenever possible, focus on studies measuring these outcomes in populations rather than on individuals selected on the basis of a particular disease; (bio)markers that respond to (lifestyle-based) intervention. Proposed markers were exposed to critique in a Workshop held in Newcastle, UK in October 2012. RESULTS We have selected a tentative panel of (bio)markers of physiological and metabolic health, physical capability, cognitive function, social wellbeing, and psychological wellbeing which we propose may be useful in characterising the HAP and which may have utility as outcome measures in intervention studies. In addition, we have identified a number of tools which could be applied in community-based intervention studies designed to enhance healthy ageing. CONCLUSIONS We have proposed, tentatively, a panel of outcome measures which could be deployed in community-based, lifestyle intervention studies. The evidence base for selection of measurement domains is less well developed in some areas e.g. social wellbeing (where the definition of the concept itself remains elusive) and this has implications for the identification of appropriate tools. Although we have developed this panel as potential outcomes for intervention studies, we recognise that broader agreement on the concept of the HAP and on tools for its measurement could have wider utility and e.g. could facilitate comparisons of healthy ageing across diverse study designs and populations.

中文翻译：

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在基于生活方式的干预研究中测量健康老龄化表型

引言 鉴于衰老过程的生物学复杂性，没有单一、简单和可靠的方法来衡量一个人的衰老程度。干预研究需要一组衡量健康老龄化关键特征的措施。为了帮助指导我们在这一领域的研究，我们采用了“健康老龄化表型”（HAP）的概念，本研究旨在（i）确定 HAP 最重要的特征和（ii）确定/开发测量工具这些功能。方法 在对文献进行全面评估后，我们选择了以下领域：生理和代谢健康、身体能力、认知功能、社会福祉和心理健康，我们希望这些领域能够为 HAP 提供一个合理的整体表征。我们回顾了文献并确定了队列研究的系统评价和/或荟萃分析，以及与 HAP 相关的这些领域的结果测量的临床指南。这些措施的选择标准包括： 经常用于老龄化纵向研究；预期会随着年龄而改变；与衰老相关表型（如发病率、死亡率和寿命）密切相关/预测的证据；在可能的情况下，关注测量人群中这些结果的研究，而不是基于特定疾病选择的个体；对（基于生活方式的）干预作出反应的（生物）标志物。2012 年 10 月在英国纽卡斯尔举行的研讨会上对提议的标志物进行了批评。结果我们选择了生理和代谢健康、身体能力、我们提出的认知功能、社会幸福感和心理幸福感可能有助于表征 HAP，并且可能在干预研究中用作结果测量。此外，我们还确定了一些可用于旨在促进健康老龄化的社区干预研究的工具。结论 我们已经初步提议了一组可用于以社区为基础的生活方式干预研究的结果测量方法。在某些领域，例如社会福祉（概念本身的定义仍然难以捉摸），选择测量领域的证据基础还不够完善，这对确定合适的工具有影响。虽然我们已经开发了这个小组作为干预研究的潜在结果，