Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) have been implicated in many neurological and psychiatric conditions. Sig-1Rs are intracellular chaperones that reside specifically at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrion interface, referred to as the mitochondrion-associated ER membrane (MAM). Here, Sig-1Rs regulate ER-mitochondrion Ca(2+) signaling. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of Sig-1R functions. Based on this, we suggest that the key cellular mechanisms linking Sig-1Rs to neurological disorders involve the translocation of Sig-1Rs from the MAM to other parts of the cell, whereby Sig-1Rs bind and modulate the activities of various ion channels, receptors, or kinases. Thus, Sig-1Rs and their associated ligands may represent new avenues for treating aspects of neurological and psychiatric diseases.

中文翻译：

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sigma-1 受体：在神经元可塑性和疾病中的作用

Sigma-1 受体 (Sig-1Rs) 与许多神经和精神疾病有关。Sig-1Rs 是细胞内分子伴侣，专门位于内质网 (ER)-线粒体界面，称为线粒体相关 ER 膜 (MAM)。在这里，Sig-1Rs 调节内质网线粒体 Ca(2+) 信号。在这篇评论中，我们讨论了当前对 Sig-1R 函数的理解。基于此，我们认为将 Sig-1Rs 与神经系统疾病联系起来的关键细胞机制涉及 Sig-1Rs 从 MAM 易位到细胞的其他部分，从而 Sig-1Rs 结合并调节各种离子通道、受体的活动，或激酶。因此，Sig-1Rs 及其相关配体可能代表治疗神经和精神疾病方面的新途径。