The family Microthyriaceae sensu Lumbsch and Huhndorf 2010 is a poorly known but interesting family comprising 50 genera consisting of foliar epiphytes or saprobes on dead leaves and stems. We re-visited the family based on examinations of generic types where possible. Members are distributed in Aulographaceae, Asterinaceae, Microthyriaceae, Micropeltidaceae and Palmulariaceae and notes are provided on each of these families. Nine genera are transferred from Microthyriaceae to Asterinaceae, and two to Aulographaceae based on the splitting or dissolving nature of the thyriothecia to release ascospores. New sequence data for a number of species and genera are provided. Microthyriaceous members growing on other fungi and lichens differ from Microthyriaceae sensu stricto and the family Trichothyriaceae is reinstated to accommodate these taxa. Other genera of Microthyriaceae belong in Rhytismataceae, Stictidaceae, Venturiales incertae cedis, Dothideomyetes genera incertae cedis, Hypocreales incertae cedis and Ascomycota genera incertae cedis. The family Microthyriaceae is reduced to seven genera characterised by superficial, flattened thyriothecia, with the cells of the upper wall radiating in parallel arrangement from the distinct central ostiolar opening, while the lower peridium is generally poorly developed. Sequence data is provided for five species with thyriothecia and Paramicrothyrium and Neomicrothyrium are described as new genera and Micropeltis zingiberacicola is introduced as a new species. Our phylogenetic analysis underscores the high genetic diversity for thyriotheciate species and there is no clear clade that can be well defined as Microthyriales. Nuclear ribosomal data support multiple polyphyletic lineages within Microthyriaceae and Micropeltidaceae. Some unexpected DNA based phylogenetic relationships such as those between Muyocopron and Saccardoella will require corroboration with more complete taxon sampling as well as additional non ribosomal markers. There are few differences between Aulographaceae, Asterinaceae and Palmulariaceae and these families may need synonymising.

中文翻译：

---

对微刺藻科的重新评价。

Microthyriaceae sensu Lumbsch and Huhndorf 2010 是一个鲜为人知但有趣的科，包括 50 个属，由叶面附生植物或枯叶和茎上的腐生物组成。我们在可能的情况下基于对泛型类型的检查重新访问了该系列。成员分布于金银花科、紫菀科、小甲鱼科、小叶甲科和棕榈科，并且对这些科中的每一个科都提供了注释。九个属从小圆锥藻科转移到紫菀科，两个转移到金银花科。基于 thyriothecia 的分裂或溶解性质释放子囊孢子。提供了许多物种和属的新序列数据。生长在其他真菌和地衣上的Microthyriaceous成员与Microthyriaceae sensu stricto不同， Trichothyriaceae科被恢复以适应这些分类群。Microthyriaceae的其他属属于Rhytismataceae，Stictidaceae，Venturiales incertae cedis，Dothideomyetes incertae cedis， Hypocreales incertae cedis和Ascomycota genera incertae cedis。微刺藻科减少到七个属，其特征是表面扁平的甲壳，上壁的细胞从明显的中央小孔开口平行排列，而下包膜通常发育不良。提供了 thyriothecia 的五个物种的序列数据，Paramicrothyrium和Neomicrothyrium被描述为新属，Micropeltis zingiberacicola被作为新物种引入。我们的系统发育分析强调了 thyriotheciate 物种的高度遗传多样性，并且没有明确的进化枝可以很好地定义为Microthyriales。核糖体数据支持Microthyriaceae和小叶藻科。一些意想不到的基于 DNA 的系统发育关系，例如Muyocopron和Saccardoella之间的系统发育关系，需要通过更完整的分类单元采样以及额外的非核糖体标记来证实。Aulographaceae、Asterinaceae和Palmulariaceae之间几乎没有区别，这些科可能需要同义。