T helper cell differentiation occurs in the context of the extracellular cytokine milieu evoked by diverse microbes and other pathogenic stimuli along with T cell receptor stimulation. The culmination of these signals results in specification of T helper lineages, which occurs through the combinatorial action of multiple transcription factors that establish distinctive transcriptomes. In this manner, inducible, but constitutively active, master regulators work in conjunction with factors such as the signal transducer and activator of transcriptions (STATs) that sense the extracellular environment. The acquisition of a distinctive transcriptome also depends on chromatin modifications that impact key cis elements as well as the changes in global genomic organization. Thus, signal transduction and epigenetics are linked in these processes of differentiation. In this review, recent advances in understanding T helper lineage specification and deciphering the action of transcription factors are summarized with emphasis on comprehensive views of the dynamic T cell epigenome.

中文翻译：

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T 辅助细胞规范的转录和表观遗传控制：承诺和可塑性的分子机制。


T 辅助细胞分化发生在由不同微生物和其他致病刺激以及 T 细胞受体刺激引起的细胞外细胞因子环境中。这些信号的最终结果是 T 辅助谱系的特化，这是通过建立独特转录组的多个转录因子的组合作用而发生的。通过这种方式，可诱导但具有组成活性的主调节因子与感知细胞外环境的信号转导器和转录激活因子 (STAT) 等因子协同工作。独特转录组的获得还取决于影响关键顺式元件的染色质修饰以及全球基因组组织的变化。因此，信号转导和表观遗传学在这些分化过程中相互关联。在这篇综述中，总结了理解 T 辅助细胞谱系规范和破译转录因子作用的最新进展，重点是动态 T 细胞表观基因组的综合观点。