The pluripotent state of embryonic stem cells is maintained by a core network of transcription factors, and by chromatin remodelling factors that support an environment permissive for transcription. Polycomb and trithorax Group proteins enable 'bivalent' chromatin to be established at lineage-specific genes within pluripotent cells that is thought to poise genes for rapid activation upon induction of differentiation. As differentiation proceeds, chromatin condenses and there is a genome-wide increase in the abundance of repressive histone modifications, alterations in the subnuclear organisation of particular genomic regions, and changes in DNA methylation profiles within genes. Reprogramming of somatic cells provides a platform to investigate the role of chromatin-based factors in establishing and maintaining pluripotency.

中文翻译：

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多能、分化和重编程细胞中的染色质状态。

胚胎干细胞的多能状态由转录因子的核心网络和支持转录环境的染色质重塑因子维持。Polycomb 和 trithorax Group 蛋白使“二价”染色质能够在多能细胞内的谱系特异性基因上建立，这些基因被认为可以在诱导分化后迅速激活基因。随着分化的进行，染色质凝聚，抑制性组蛋白修饰的丰度在全基因组范围内增加，特定基因组区域的亚核组织改变，以及基因内 DNA 甲基化谱的变化。体细胞的重编程为研究基于染色质的因子在建立和维持多能性中的作用提供了一个平台。