In the last five years, canine genetics has gone from map construction to complex disease deconstruction. The availability of a draft canine genome sequence, dense marker chips, and an understanding of the genome architecture has changed the types of studies canine geneticists can undertake. There is now a clear recognition that the dog system offers the opportunity to understand the genetics of both simple and complex traits, including those associated with morphology, disease susceptibility, and behavior. In this review, we summarize recent findings regarding canine domestication and review new information on the organization of the canine genome. We discuss studies aimed at finding genes controlling morphological phenotypes and provide examples of the way such paradigms may be applied to studies of behavior. We also discuss the many ways in which the dog has illuminated our understanding of human disease and conclude with a discussion on where the field is likely headed in the next five years.

中文翻译：

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人类最好的朋友成为生物学上最好的表演：家犬的基因组分析。

在过去的五年里，犬类遗传学已经从图谱构建发展到复杂疾病的解构。犬类基因组序列草图、密集标记芯片的可用性以及对基因组结构的理解已经改变了犬类遗传学家可以进行的研究类型。现在人们清楚地认识到，狗系统提供了了解简单和复杂性状遗传学的机会，包括与形态学、疾病易感性和行为相关的性状。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于犬类驯化的最新发现，并回顾了关于犬类基因组组织的新信息。我们讨论了旨在寻找控制形态表型的基因的研究，并提供了此类范式可能应用于行为研究的方式的示例。