The bacterial phage shock protein (Psp) response functions to help cells manage the impacts of agents impairing cell membrane function. The system has relevance to biotechnology and to medicine. Originally discovered in Escherichia coli, Psp proteins and homologues are found in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, in archaea and in plants. Study of the E. coli and Yersinia enterocolitica Psp systems provides insights into how membrane-associated sensory Psp proteins might perceive membrane stress, signal to the transcription apparatus and use an ATP-hydrolysing transcription activator to produce effector proteins to overcome the stress. Progress in understanding the mechanism of signal transduction by the membrane-bound Psp proteins, regulation of the psp gene-specific transcription activator and the cell biology of the system is presented and discussed. Many features of the action of the Psp system appear to be dominated by states of self-association of the master effector, PspA, and the transcription activator, PspF, alongside a signalling pathway that displays strong conditionality in its requirement.

中文翻译：

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管理膜应激：噬菌体休克蛋白 (Psp) 反应，从分子机制到生理学。

细菌噬菌体休克蛋白 (Psp) 响应功能可帮助细胞应对损害细胞膜功能的物质的影响。该系统与生物技术和医学相关。Psp 蛋白和同源物最初是在大肠杆菌中发现的，现在也存在于革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌、古细菌和植物中。对大肠杆菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌 Psp 系统的研究提供了关于膜相关感觉 Psp 蛋白如何感知膜应激、向转录装置发出信号并使用 ATP 水解转录激活剂产生效应蛋白来克服应激的见解。介绍并讨论了膜结合 Psp 蛋白信号转导机制、psp 基因特异性转录激活因子的调节以及系统的细胞生物学方面的进展。Psp 系统作用的许多特征似乎由主效应器 PspA 和转录激活器 PspF 的自关联状态主导，同时信号通路在其要求中表现出很强的条件性。