It has been estimated that viruses are etiological agents in approximately 12% of human cancers. Most of these cancers can be attributed to infections by human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Prophylactic vaccines against other pathogenic viruses have an excellent record as public health interventions in terms of safety, effectiveness, and ability to reach economically disadvantaged populations. These considerations should prompt efforts to develop and implement vaccines against oncoviruses. Safe and effective HBV and HPV vaccines, based on virus-like particles, are commercially available, and the major focus is now on vaccine delivery, especially to low-resource settings. HCV and EBV vaccines are under active development, but few clinical trials have been conducted, and none of the candidate vaccines has proven to be sufficiently effective to warrant commercialization. Efforts to develop KSHV vaccines have been more limited.

中文翻译：

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预防肿瘤病毒感染的疫苗。


据估计，病毒是大约 12% 的人类癌症的病原体。这些癌症大多数可归因于人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV)、乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)、丙型肝炎病毒 (HCV)、EB 病毒 (EBV) 和卡波西肉瘤相关疱疹病毒 (KSHV) 的感染。针对其他病原病毒的预防性疫苗作为公共卫生干预措施在安全性、有效性和覆盖经济弱势群体的能力方面有着出色的记录。这些考虑因素应促使人们努力开发和实施针对肿瘤病毒的疫苗。基于病毒样颗粒的安全有效的 HBV 和 HPV 疫苗已经上市，目前的主要焦点是疫苗接种，特别是在资源匮乏的地区。 HCV 和 EBV 疫苗正在积极开发中，但几乎没有进行过临床试验，并且没有一种候选疫苗被证明足够有效以保证商业化。开发 KSHV 疫苗的努力更加有限。