Gene-environment interactions are the indisputable cause of most respiratory diseases. However, we still have very limited understanding of the mechanisms that guide these interactions. Although the conceptual approaches to environmental genomics were established several decades ago, the tools are only now available to better define the mechanisms that underlie the interactions among these important etiological features of lung disease. In this article, we summarize recent insights in the environmental genomics (ecogenomics) of common nonmalignant respiratory diseases (asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, and respiratory infections), describe the framework of gene-environment interactions that inform the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases, and propose future research directions that will help translate scientific advances into public health gains.

中文翻译：

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呼吸道疾病的生态基因组学具有公共卫生意义。

基因与环境的相互作用是大多数呼吸道疾病无可争议的原因。然而，我们对指导这些相互作用的机制的了解仍然非常有限。尽管环境基因组学的概念方法是几十年前建立的，但现在才可以使用这些工具来更好地定义肺部疾病这些重要病因学特征之间相互作用的机制。在本文中，我们总结了常见非恶性呼吸系统疾病（哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病、肺纤维化和呼吸道感染）的环境基因组学（生态基因组学）的最新见解，描述了影响呼吸系统疾病发病机制的基因-环境相互作用的框架，以及提出未来的研究方向，这将有助于将科学进步转化为公共卫生收益。