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Shuttles and cycles: transport of proteins into the peroxisome matrix (review).
Molecular Membrane Biology Pub Date : 2008-08-01 , DOI: 10.1080/09687680802130583
Laura-Anne Brown 1 , Alison Baker
Affiliation  

Peroxisomes are organelles that carry out diverse biochemical processes in eukaryotic cells, including the core pathways of beta-oxidation of lipid molecules and detoxification of reactive oxygen species. In multicellular organisms defects in peroxisome assembly result in multiple biochemical and developmental abnormalities. As peroxisomes do not contain genetic material, their protein content, and therefore function, is determined by the import of nuclearly encoded proteins from the cytosol and, presumably, removal of damaged or obsolete proteins. Import of matrix proteins can be broken down into four steps: targeting signal recognition by the cycling import receptors; receptor-cargo docking at the peroxisome membrane; translocation and cargo unloading; and receptor recycling. Import is mediated by a set of evolutionarily conserved proteins called peroxins that have been identified primarily via genetic screens, but knowledge of their biochemical activities remains largely unresolved. Recent studies have filled in some of the blanks regarding receptor recycling and the role of ubiquitination but outstanding questions remain concerning the nature of the translocon and its ability to accommodate folded, even oligomeric proteins, and the mechanism of cargo unloading and turnover of peroxisomal proteins. This review seeks to integrate recent findings from yeast, mammalian and plant systems to present an up to date account of how proteins enter the peroxisome matrix.

中文翻译:

穿梭和循环:蛋白质转运到过氧化物酶体基质中(综述)。

过氧化物酶体是在真核细胞中进行多种生化过程的细胞器,包括脂质分子 β 氧化和活性氧解毒的核心途径。在多细胞生物中,过氧化物酶体组装缺陷导致多种生化和发育异常。由于过氧化物酶体不包含遗传物质,因此它们的蛋白质含量和功能取决于从细胞溶质中输入核编码蛋白质,并且可能是去除受损或过时的蛋白质。基质蛋白的输入可分为四个步骤:循环输入受体的靶向信号识别;受体-货物对接在过氧化物酶体膜上;转运和卸货;和受体回收。输入是由一组称为过氧化物酶的进化上保守的蛋白质介导的,这些蛋白质主要是通过遗传筛选鉴定的,但对其生化活动的了解在很大程度上仍未得到解决。最近的研究填补了有关受体再循环和泛素化作用的一些空白,但关于易位子的性质及其容纳折叠蛋白,甚至寡聚蛋白的能力,以及过氧化物酶体蛋白的货物卸载和周转机制等方面的问题仍然存在。本综述旨在整合酵母、哺乳动物和植物系统的最新发现,以提供有关蛋白质如何进入过氧化物酶体基质的最新解释。最近的研究填补了有关受体再循环和泛素化作用的一些空白,但关于易位子的性质及其容纳折叠蛋白,甚至寡聚蛋白的能力,以及过氧化物酶体蛋白的货物卸载和周转机制等方面的问题仍然存在。本综述旨在整合酵母、哺乳动物和植物系统的最新发现,以提供有关蛋白质如何进入过氧化物酶体基质的最新解释。最近的研究填补了有关受体再循环和泛素化作用的一些空白,但关于易位子的性质及其容纳折叠蛋白,甚至寡聚蛋白的能力,以及过氧化物酶体蛋白的货物卸载和周转机制等方面的问题仍然存在。本综述旨在整合酵母、哺乳动物和植物系统的最新发现,以提供有关蛋白质如何进入过氧化物酶体基质的最新解释。
更新日期:2019-11-01
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