Most synaptic inputs are made onto the dendritic tree. Recent work has shown that dendrites play an active role in transforming synaptic input into neuronal output and in defining the relationships between active synapses. In this review, we discuss how these dendritic properties influence the rules governing the induction of synaptic plasticity. We argue that the location of synapses in the dendritic tree, and the type of dendritic excitability associated with each synapse, play decisive roles in determining the plastic properties of that synapse. Furthermore, since the electrical properties of the dendritic tree are not static, but can be altered by neuromodulators and by synaptic activity itself, we discuss how learning rules may be dynamically shaped by tuning dendritic function. We conclude by describing how this reciprocal relationship between plasticity of dendritic excitability and synaptic plasticity has changed our view of information processing and memory storage in neuronal networks.

中文翻译：

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树突兴奋性和突触可塑性。

大多数突触输入是在树突树上进行的。最近的研究表明，树突在将突触输入转化为神经元输出以及定义活跃突触之间的关系方面发挥着积极作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些树突特性如何影响突触可塑性诱导的规则。我们认为，突触在树突树中的位置，以及与每个突触相关的树突兴奋性类型，在确定该突触的可塑性方面起决定性作用。此外，由于树突树的电特性不是静态的，而是可以通过神经调节剂和突触活动本身来改变，我们讨论了如何通过调整树突功能来动态塑造学习规则。