Grape seed procyanidins (GSPs), widely known for their beneficial health properties, fail to bring about the expected improvement in piglets' growth performance. The effects of dietary supplementation with GSPs on nutrient utilisation may be a critical influencing factor. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with GSPs on nutrient utilisation and gut function in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty crossbred piglets were allocated randomly to four treatment groups, with three replicate pens per treatment and 10 piglets per pen. Each group was given one of the four dietary treatments: the basal diet (control group) or the basal diet with the addition of 50-, 100- or 150-mg/kg GSPs. The trial lasted 28 days. Faeces were collected from d 12 to 14 and from d 26 to 28 for measuring the coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of the nutrients. Blood samples were collected on d 14 and 28 for detecting the blood biochemical parameters. Two piglets per pen were slaughtered to collect the pancreas and intestinal digesta for evaluating the digestive enzyme activity and the coefficient of ileal apparent digestibility (CIAD) of the nutrients. On d 14 and 28, supplementation with 150-mg/kg GSPs significantly decreased the CTTAD of DM and CP in piglets. On d 14, GSPs supplementation at a concentration of 150 mg/kg led to a remarkable decrease in the CIAD of CP and gross energy (GE). On d 28, GSPs supplementation at a dose of 150 mg/kg generated a marked decline in the CIAD of DM, GE, CP and ether extract. Grape seed procyanidins supplementation at concentrations of 100 or 150 mg/kg inhibited the activities of lipase and amylase. In contrast, the jejunum mucosa maltase and sucrase activities increased due to the inclusion of GSPs at a concentration of 100 mg/kg in the piglet diet. Compared with the levels of the control group, the serum glucose and total protein levels were enhanced significantly by supplementation with GSPs at 100 mg/kg and reduced dramatically at 150 mg/kg. The serum diamine oxidase activity and endotoxin levels were decreased by GSPs supplementation in piglet diets. In conclusion, higher concentrations of GSPs in weaned piglet diets attenuated nutrient digestion and inhibited digestive enzyme activity; however, suitable concentrations of GSPs could promote brush-border enzyme activity, enhance serum glucose and total protein concentrations and decrease epithelial permeability.

中文翻译：

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日粮中添加葡萄籽原花青素对断奶仔猪营养利用和肠道功能的影响。

葡萄籽原花青素 (GSP) 因其有益的健康特性而广为人知，但未能带来预期的仔猪生长性能改善。膳食补充 GSP 对营养利用的影响可能是一个关键的影响因素。因此，本研究的目的是研究日粮中添加 GSP 对断奶仔猪营养利用和肠道功能的影响。120 头杂交仔猪被随机分配到四个处理组，每个处理三个重复栏，每个栏 10 头仔猪。每组均接受四种饮食治疗中的一种：基础饮食（对照组）或添加 50-、100-或 150-mg/kg GSP 的基础饮食。审判持续了28天。从第 12 天到第 14 天和第 26 天到第 28 天收集粪便，用于测量养分的总肠道表观消化率 (CTTAD) 系数。在第14天和第28天采集血样用于检测血液生化参数。每栏屠宰2头仔猪，收集胰脏和肠道食糜，用于评估消化酶活性和营养物质的回肠表观消化率（CIAD）。在第 14 天和第 28 天，补充 150-mg/kg GSP 显着降低了仔猪 DM 和 CP 的 CTTAD。在第 14 天，以 150 mg/kg 的浓度补充 GSP 导致 CP 和总能量 (GE) 的 CIAD 显着降低。在第 28 天，以 150 mg/kg 的剂量补充 GSPs 后，DM、GE、CP 和乙醚提取物的 CIAD 显着下降。以 100 或 150 mg/kg 的浓度补充葡萄籽原花青素可抑制脂肪酶和淀粉酶的活性。相反，由于在仔猪日粮中添加浓度为 100 mg/kg 的 GSP，空肠黏膜麦芽糖酶和蔗糖酶活性增加。与对照组的水平相比，100 mg/kg GSPs 的血清葡萄糖和总蛋白水平显着提高，150 mg/kg 时显着降低。在仔猪日粮中添加 GSP 可降低血清二胺氧化酶活性和内毒素水平。总之，断奶仔猪日粮中较高浓度的 GSP 会减弱营养物质的消化并抑制消化酶的活性；然而，适当浓度的 GSP 可以促进刷状缘酶活性，