In mammals, most cardiomyocytes (CMs) become polyploid (they have more than two complete sets of chromosomes). The purpose of this review is to evaluate assumptions about CM ploidy that are commonly discussed, even if not experimentally demonstrated, and to highlight key issues that are still to be resolved. Topics discussed here include (a) technical and conceptual difficulties in defining a polyploid CM, (b) the candidate role of reactive oxygen as a proximal trigger for the onset of polyploidy, (c) the relationship between polyploidization and other aspects of CM maturation, (d) recent insights related to the regenerative role of the subpopulation of CMs that are not polyploid, and (e) speculations as to why CMs become polyploid at all. New approaches to experimentally manipulate CM ploidy may resolve some of these long-standing and fundamental questions.

中文翻译：

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心肌细胞多倍性及其对心脏再生的影响。

在哺乳动物中，大多数心肌细胞（CM）变成多倍体（它们具有多于两套完整的染色体）。这篇综述的目的是评估关于CM倍性的假设，这些假设即使没有通过实验证明也可以被普遍讨论，并着重强调仍需解决的关键问题。这里讨论的主题包括：（a）定义多倍体CM的技术和概念上的困难；（b）活性氧作为多倍体发作的近端触发器的候选作用；（c）多倍体化与CM成熟的其他方面之间的关系， （d）与不是多倍体的CM的亚群的再生作用有关的最新见解，以及（e）关于为什么CM完全变成多倍体的猜测。