Not long after the invention of transmission electron microscope (TEM), phase plate was proposed as a novel electron-optical apparatus at the back-focal plane of the objective lens to modulate the magnified specimen images with enhanced contrast, especially in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) application of biological specimens. In the past two decades, novel phase plates of different kinds were designed and fabricated for cryo-EM application. Some of them such as the Volta phase plate have already been proved very useful in single particle cryo-EM and cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) analysis. In this review, we discuss the current progress, challenges and opportunities of cryo-EM with phase plate.

中文翻译：

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带相板的低温电磁阀的挑战和机遇。

在透射电子显微镜（TEM）发明不久后，相板被提出作为一种新型的电子光学设备，位于物镜的后焦平面，以增强对比度的方式调制放大的标本图像，尤其是在低温电子显微镜中（cryo-EM）生物样本的应用。在过去的二十年中，为冷冻电磁应用设计和制造了不同种类的新型相板。其中一些如Volta相板已被证明在单颗粒冷冻EM和冷冻电子断层扫描（cryo-ET）分析中非常有用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了带相板的cryo-EM的当前进展，挑战和机遇。