ABSTRACT Schemas are abstract mental representations that influence perceptual and memory processes. Schemas can aide memory for information that is related or congruent with a given schema (i.e., schematic information), yet it is unclear how schemas affect memory for information that does not directly relate to the schema (i.e., non-schematic information). Using a novel scene paradigm, the current series of studies investigated how schemas affect memory for schematic and non-schematic information, as well as how directed encoding influences remembering of both types of information in younger and older adults. Results showed poorer accurate recognition of non-schematic information relative to schematic information, influenced largely by a bias in identifying non-schematic items as “new”. While directed encoding was able to increase remembering of non-schematic information and decrease bias across both age groups, the present set of studies highlights the pervasive influence of a schema on memory for non-schematic information.

中文翻译：

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平常记忆：图式对年轻人和老年人非图式信息记忆的影响


摘要图式是影响感知和记忆过程的抽象心理表征。模式可以帮助记忆与给定模式相关或一致的信息（即，示意性信息），但尚不清楚模式如何影响与模式不直接相关的信息（即，非示意性信息）的记忆。使用新颖的场景范式，当前的系列研究调查了图式如何影响图式和非图式信息的记忆，以及定向编码如何影响年轻人和老年人对这两种类型信息的记忆。结果显示，相对于示意图信息，非示意图信息的识别准确度较差，这很大程度上受到将非示意图项目识别为“新”的偏见的影响。虽然定向编码能够增加对非图式信息的记忆并减少两个年龄段的偏见，但目前的一组研究强调了图式对非图式信息记忆的普遍影响。