Resilience is the ability to cope with critical situations through the use of personal and socially mediated resources. Since a lack of resilience increases the risk of developing stress-related psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD), a better understanding of the biological background is of great value to provide better prevention and treatment options. Resilience is undeniably influenced by genetic factors, but very little is known about the exact underlying mechanisms. A recently published genome-wide association study (GWAS) on resilience has identified three new susceptibility loci, DCLK2, KLHL36, and SLC15A5. Further interesting results can be found in association analyses of gene variants of the stress response system, which is closely related to resilience, and PTSD and MDD. Several promising genes, such as the COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase) gene, the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4), and neuropeptide Y (NPY) suggest gene × environment interaction between genetic variants, childhood adversity, and the occurrence of PTSD and MDD, indicating an impact of these genes on resilience. GWAS on PTSD and MDD provide another approach to identifying new disease-associated loci and, although the functional significance for disease development for most of these risk genes is still unknown, they are potential candidates due to the overlap of stress-related psychiatric disorders and resilience. In the future, it will be important for genetic studies to focus more on resilience than on pathological phenotypes, to develop reasonable concepts for measuring resilience, and to establish international cooperations to generate sufficiently large samples.

中文翻译：

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复原力的遗传学：创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症的全基因组关联研究和应激反应系统候选基因的含义。

复原力是通过使用个人和社会媒介而应对紧急情况的能力。由于缺乏适应力会增加患上与压力有关的精神疾病的风险，例如创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和重度抑郁症（MDD），因此更好地了解生物学背景对于提供更好的预防和治疗选择具有重要价值。复原力无疑受到遗传因素的影响，但对确切的潜在机制知之甚少。最近发表的关于全基因组抗逆性的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）已确定了三个新的易感基因座，DCLK2，KLHL36和SLC15A5。在压力响应系统的基因变异的关联分析中可以找到更多有趣的结果，该变异与恢复力，PTSD和MDD密切相关。几种有希望的基因，例如COMT（儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶）基因，5-羟色胺转运蛋白基因（SLC6A4）和神经肽Y（NPY）提示基因×遗传变异，童年逆境以及PTSD和MDD发生之间的环境相互作用，表明这些基因对弹性有影响。PTSD和MDD上的GWAS提供了另一种鉴定新的疾病相关基因座的方法，尽管对于大多数这些风险基因在疾病发展中的功能意义仍然未知，但由于与压力相关的精神疾病和适应力的重叠，它们是潜在的候选者。将来，对于基因研究而言，更重要的是应将精力更多地放在适应力上，而不是病理表型上，为测量适应力开发合理的概念，