Notwithstanding the ongoing debate on their full potential in health and disease, there is general consensus that n-3 PUFAs play important physiological roles. Increasing dietary n-3 PUFA intake results in increased DHA and EPA content in cell membranes as well as an increase in n-3 derived oxylipin and -endocannabinoid concentrations, like fatty acid amides and glycerol-esters. These shifts are believed to (partly) explain the pharmacological and anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFAs. Recent studies discovered that n-3 PUFA-derived endocannabinoids can be further metabolized by the oxidative enzymes CYP-450, LOX and COX, similar to the n-6 derived endocannabinoids. Interestingly, these oxidized n-3 PUFA derived endocannabinoids of eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPEA) and docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide (DHEA) have higher anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative potential than their precursors. In this review, an overview of recently discovered n-3 PUFA derived endocannabinoids and their metabolites is provided. In addition, the use of chemical probes will be presented as a promising technique to study the n-3 PUFA and n-3 PUFA metabolism within the field of lipid biochemistry.

中文翻译：

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n-3 PUFA衍生的脂肪酸衍生物及其氧化代谢产物在炎症调节中的作用。

尽管人们一直在争论它们在健康和疾病中的全部潜力，但人们普遍认为n-3 PUFA发挥着重要的生理作用。饮食中n-3 PUFA的摄入增加会导致细胞膜中DHA和EPA含量增加，以及n-3衍生的脂蛋白和-内源性大麻素浓度（如脂肪酸酰胺和甘油酯）增加。这些变化被认为（部分）解释了n-3 PUFA的药理作用和抗炎作用。最近的研究发现，与n-6衍生的内源性大麻素相似，n-3 PUFA衍生的内源性大麻素可被CYP-450，LOX和COX氧化酶进一步代谢。有趣的是 这些氧化的n-3 PUFA衍生的二十碳五烯酰基乙醇酰胺（EPEA）和二十二碳六烯酰基乙醇酰胺（DHEA）的内源性大麻素具有比其前体更高的抗炎和抗增殖潜力。在这篇综述中，提供了最近发现的n-3 PUFA衍生的内源性大麻素及其代谢物的概述。另外，在脂质生物化学领域，将使用化学探针作为研究n-3 PUFA和n-3 PUFA代谢的有前途的技术。