There is an intense interplay between HIV and the immune system, and the literature is replete with studies describing various immunological phenomena associated with HIV infection. Many of these phenomena seem too broad in scope to be attributable either to HIV-infected cells or to the HIV-specific immune response. Recently, a more fundamental understanding of how HIV affects various T cells and T cell compartments has emerged. This review covers the role of immune activation in HIV immunopathogenesis, how that activation could be mediated directly by HIV replicating within and damaging the gut mucosal barrier, how HIV affects multiple T cell functions and phenotypes, and how chronic HIV replication induces immune modulatory pathways to negatively regulate certain functions in HIV-specific T cells.

中文翻译：

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艾滋病免疫发病机制中的新兴概念。

HIV与免疫系统之间存在着密切的相互作用，有关描述与HIV感染相关的各种免疫现象的研究文献很多。这些现象中的许多似乎范围太广，不能归因于HIV感染的细胞或HIV特异性免疫反应。最近，人们对HIV如何影响各种T细胞和T细胞区室有了更根本的了解。这篇综述涵盖了免疫活化在HIV免疫发病机制中的作用，该活化如何直接由HIV复制并破坏肠粘膜屏障，直接介导该活化，HIV如何影响多种T细胞功能和表型以及慢性HIV复制如何诱导免疫调节途径。负面调节HIV特异性T细胞中的某些功能。