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Postnatal development of cerebrovascular structure and the neurogliovascular unit.
WIREs Mechanisms of Disease ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-01 , DOI: 10.1002/wdev.363 Vanessa Coelho-Santos 1, 2 , Andy Y Shih 1, 2
WIREs Mechanisms of Disease ( IF 4.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-01 , DOI: 10.1002/wdev.363 Vanessa Coelho-Santos 1, 2 , Andy Y Shih 1, 2
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The unceasing metabolic demands of brain function are supported by an intricate three‐dimensional network of arterioles, capillaries, and venules, designed to effectively distribute blood to all neurons and to provide shelter from harmful molecules in the blood. The development and maturation of this microvasculature involves a complex interplay between endothelial cells with nearly all other brain cell types (pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons), orchestrated throughout embryogenesis and the first few weeks after birth in mice. Both the expansion and regression of vascular networks occur during the postnatal period of cerebrovascular remodeling. Pial vascular networks on the brain surface are dense at birth and are then selectively pruned during the postnatal period, with the most dramatic changes occurring in the pial venular network. This is contrasted to an expansion of subsurface capillary networks through the induction of angiogenesis. Concurrent with changes in vascular structure, the integration and cross talk of neurovascular cells lead to establishment of blood–brain barrier integrity and neurovascular coupling to ensure precise control of macromolecular passage and metabolic supply. While we still possess a limited understanding of the rules that control cerebrovascular development, we can begin to assemble a view of how this complex process evolves, as well as identify gaps in knowledge for the next steps of research.
中文翻译：
脑血管结构和神经胶质血管单元的出生后发育。
大脑功能不断的代谢需求得到了由小动脉、毛细血管和小静脉组成的复杂三维网络的支持，该网络旨在有效地将血液分配到所有神经元，并为血液中的有害分子提供庇护。这种微脉管系统的发育和成熟涉及内皮细胞与几乎所有其他脑细胞类型（周细胞、星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和神经元）之间复杂的相互作用，这种相互作用在小鼠的胚胎发生和出生后的最初几周内精心策划。血管网络的扩张和退化均发生在产后脑血管重塑期间。大脑表面的软脑膜血管网络在出生时就很密集，然后在出生后有选择性地修剪，其中最显着的变化发生在软脑膜小静脉网络中。这与通过诱导血管生成来扩张皮下毛细血管网络形成对比。在血管结构发生变化的同时，神经血管细胞的整合和串扰导致血脑屏障完整性和神经血管耦合的建立，以确保大分子通道和代谢供应的精确控制。虽然我们对控制脑血管发育的规则仍然了解有限，但我们可以开始收集这一复杂过程如何演变的观点，并确定下一步研究的知识差距。
更新日期：2019-10-01
中文翻译：
脑血管结构和神经胶质血管单元的出生后发育。
大脑功能不断的代谢需求得到了由小动脉、毛细血管和小静脉组成的复杂三维网络的支持，该网络旨在有效地将血液分配到所有神经元，并为血液中的有害分子提供庇护。这种微脉管系统的发育和成熟涉及内皮细胞与几乎所有其他脑细胞类型（周细胞、星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞和神经元）之间复杂的相互作用，这种相互作用在小鼠的胚胎发生和出生后的最初几周内精心策划。血管网络的扩张和退化均发生在产后脑血管重塑期间。大脑表面的软脑膜血管网络在出生时就很密集，然后在出生后有选择性地修剪，其中最显着的变化发生在软脑膜小静脉网络中。这与通过诱导血管生成来扩张皮下毛细血管网络形成对比。在血管结构发生变化的同时，神经血管细胞的整合和串扰导致血脑屏障完整性和神经血管耦合的建立，以确保大分子通道和代谢供应的精确控制。虽然我们对控制脑血管发育的规则仍然了解有限，但我们可以开始收集这一复杂过程如何演变的观点，并确定下一步研究的知识差距。
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