Mosquitoes naturally harbor a diverse community of microorganisms that play a crucial role in their biology. Mosquito–microbiota interactions are abundant and complex. They can dramatically alter the mosquito immune response, and impede or enhance a mosquito’s ability to transmit medically important arboviral pathogens. Yet critically, given the massive public health impact of arboviral disease, few such interactions have been well characterized. In this review, we describe the current state of knowledge of the role of microorganisms in mosquito biology, how microbial-induced changes to mosquito immunity moderate infection with arboviruses, cases of mosquito–microbial–virus interactions with a defined mechanism, and the molecular interactions that underlie the endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia’s ability to block virus infection in mosquitoes.

蚊子天然拥有多种微生物群落，这些微生物群落在其生物学中发挥着至关重要的作用。蚊子与微生物群的相互作用丰富且复杂。它们可以显着改变蚊子的免疫反应，并阻碍或增强蚊子传播医学上重要的虫媒病毒病原体的能力。但至关重要的是，考虑到虫媒病毒疾病对公共卫生的巨大影响，很少有此类相互作用得到充分表征。在这篇综述中，我们描述了目前对微生物在蚊子生物学中的作用的了解，微生物引起的蚊子免疫力变化如何调节虫媒病毒的感染，蚊子-微生物-病毒与确定机制相互作用的案例，以及分子相互作用这是内共生细菌沃尔巴克氏体阻止蚊子病毒感染能力的基础。