Intracellular Ca2+ signals are well organized in all cell types, and trigger a variety of vital physiological processes. The temporal and spatial characteristics of cytosolic Ca2+ increases are mainly governed by the fluxes of this ion across the membrane of the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. However, various Ca2+ transporters also allow for Ca2+ exchanges between the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Increases in mitochondrial Ca2+ stimulate the production of ATP, which allows the cells to cope with the increased energy demand created by the stimulus. Less widely appreciated is the fact that Ca2+ handling by mitochondria also shapes cytosolic Ca2+ signals. Indeed, the frequency, amplitude, and duration of cytosolic Ca2+ increases can be altered by modifying the rates of Ca2+ transport into, or from, mitochondria. In this review, we focus on the interplay between mitochondria and Ca2+ signaling, highlighting not only the consequences of cytosolic Ca2+ changes on mitochondrial Ca2+, but also how cytosolic Ca2+ dynamics is controlled by modifications of the Ca2+-handling properties and the metabolism of mitochondria.

中文翻译：

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细胞质和线粒体钙信号：双向关系。

细胞内 Ca2+ 信号在所有细胞类型中组织良好，并触发各种重要的生理过程。细胞溶质 Ca2+ 增加的时间和空间特征主要受该离子穿过内质/肌质网和质膜的膜的通量控制。然而，各种 Ca2+ 转运蛋白也允许细胞质和线粒体之间的 Ca2+ 交换。线粒体 Ca2+ 的增加会刺激 ATP 的产生，从而使细胞能够应对由刺激产生的增加的能量需求。不太普遍认识到的是，线粒体对 Ca2+ 的处理也塑造了细胞溶质 Ca2+ 信号。事实上，细胞质 Ca2+ 增加的频率、幅度和持续时间可以通过改变 Ca2+ 进入或离开线粒体的速率来改变。