Gender role discrepancy (GRD), or nonconformity to socially prescribed gender roles, has been linked to a multitude of adverse mental and behavioral health outcomes. Masculine discrepancy stress (MDS), stress about being perceived not to conform to one's gender role, may explain the relationship between GRD and deleterious health outcomes. However, research on MDS has primarily been restricted to adult males. This leaves a critical gap pertaining to the potential effect of MDS on adolescent boys, who may be more malleable and susceptible to the influence and pressures of gender socialization. In the current study, data are drawn from a sample of adolescent male students (N = 592) who completed self-report questionnaires. We employed structural equation modeling to test the effects of GRD and MDS on psychosocial maladjustment measured via sexual behavior, substance use, violence, mood disorder symptoms, and hopelessness. In addition, we controlled for critical risk factors including sociodemographic characteristics, adverse childhood experiences, trauma symptoms, and neighborhood disorganization. Findings indicate significant potentiating effects of MDS on maladjustment while there were direct protective effects of GRD. These data suggest that developing prevention strategies that incorporate social norms pertaining to gender socialization may have an impact on multiple behavioral and mental health problems.

中文翻译：

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男性差异压力和心理社会适应不良：对青春期男孩行为和心理健康的影响。


性别角色差异（GRD）或不符合社会规定的性别角色与多种不良心理和行为健康结果有关。男性差异压力（MDS），即被认为不符合自己的性别角色的压力，可以解释 GRD 与有害健康结果之间的关系。然而，MDS 的研究主要限于成年男性。这在MDS对青春期男孩的潜在影响方面留下了一个重要的空白，男孩可能更具可塑性，更容易受到性别社会化的影响和压力。在当前的研究中，数据来自完成自我报告问卷的青春期男学生样本（N = 592）。我们采用结构方程模型来测试 GRD 和 MDS 对通过性行为、药物使用、暴力、情绪障碍症状和绝望来衡量的心理社会失调的影响。此外，我们还控制了关键风险因素，包括社会人口特征、不良童年经历、创伤症状和社区混乱。研究结果表明，MDS 对适应不良具有显着的增强作用，而 GRD 具有直接的保护作用。这些数据表明，制定纳入与性别社会化有关的社会规范的预防策略可能会对多种行为和心理健康问题产生影响。