Delivery of the drug to a desired point of body and controlled release of the therapeutic agent are important features, provided by drug delivery systems (DDSs), for development of today's effective medicines. A variety of nanomaterials or nanomolecules such as lipids/liposomes, nucleic acids, peptides/proteins, composites, polymers, or carbon nanotubes can be used as DDSs. Single-molecule characterization of these small materials in terms of their size, shape, surface, encapsulation efficiency, as well as interaction with the drug-receiving cell has importance for their efficiency. The loading, distribution, or leakage of the drug as well as its interaction with DDS should also be characterized. Although diverse techniques are present for characterization of specific DDS material, methods such as electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy are widely used. In this review, the current methodologies utilized for the single-molecule characterization of mostly preferred DDS materials were presented.

中文翻译：

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药物输送系统的单分子表征。

药物递送系统（DDS）提供的重要特征是将药物递送至所需的身体部位并控制释放治疗剂，这对于开发当今有效的药物是重要的。多种纳米材料或纳米分子（例如脂质/脂质体，核酸，肽/蛋白质，复合材料，聚合物或碳纳米管）可用作DDS。这些小材料的大小，形状，表面，包封效率以及与药物接收细胞的相互作用的单分子表征对其效率至关重要。还应对药物的负载，分布或泄漏以及与DDS的相互作用进行表征。尽管存在多种表征特定DDS材料的技术，电子显微镜和荧光显微镜等方法被广泛使用。在这篇综述中，介绍了用于最优选的DDS材料的单分子表征的当前方法。