Depression remains one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, with many patients not responding adequately to available treatments. Chronic or early-life stress is one of the key risk factors for depression. In addition, a growing body of data implicates chronic inflammation as a major player in depression pathogenesis. More recently, the gut microbiota has emerged as an important regulator of brain and behavior and also has been linked to depression. However, how this holy trinity of risk factors interact to maintain physiological homeostasis in the brain and body is not fully understood. In this review, we integrate the available data from animal and human studies on these three factors in the etiology and progression of depression. We also focus on the processes by which this microbiota-immune-stress matrix may influence centrally mediated events and on possible therapeutic interventions to correct imbalances in this triune.

中文翻译：

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抑郁症的邪恶三位一体：压力，免疫力和微生物组失调。

抑郁症仍然是最普遍的精神疾病之一，许多患者对可用治疗的反应不足。长期或早期生活压力是抑郁的主要危险因素之一。另外，越来越多的数据暗示慢性炎症是抑郁症发病机理的主要参与者。最近，肠道菌群已成为大脑和行为的重要调节器，并且也与抑郁症有关。但是，尚未完全了解这种危险因素的三位一体如何相互作用以维持大脑和身体的生理稳态。在这篇综述中，我们整合了来自动物和人类研究的可用数据，这些数据涉及抑郁症的病因和进展中的这三个因素。