The past decade has shown exponential growth in the field of RNA nanotechnology. The rapid advances of using RNA nanoparticles for biomedical applications, especially targeted cancer therapy, suggest its potential as a new generation of drug. After the first milestone of small molecule drugs and the second milestone of antibody drugs, it was predicted that RNA drugs, either RNA itself or chemicals/ligands that target RNA, will be the third milestone in drug development. Thus, a comprehensive assessment of the current therapeutic RNA nanoparticles is urgently needed to meet the drug evaluation criteria. Specifically, the pharmacological and immunological profiles of RNA nanoparticles need to be systematically studied to provide insights in rational design of RNA-based therapeutics. By virtue of its programmability and biocompatibility, RNA molecules can be designed to construct sophisticated nanoparticles with versatile functions/applications and highly tunable physicochemical properties. This intrinsic characteristic allows the systemic study of the effects of various properties of RNA nanoparticles on their in vivo behaviors such as cancer targeting and immune responses. This review will focus on the recent progress of RNA nanoparticles in cancer targeting, and summarize the effects of common physicochemical properties such as size and shape on the RNA nanoparticles' biodistribution and immunostimulation profiles. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures Diagnostic Tools > in vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.

中文翻译：

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调整RNA纳米颗粒的大小，形状和结构，以利于癌症靶向和免疫刺激。

在过去的十年中，RNA纳米技术领域呈指数增长。将RNA纳米颗粒用于生物医学应用，尤其是靶向癌症治疗的飞速发展，表明其作为新一代药物的潜力。继小分子药物的第一个里程碑和抗体药物的第二个里程碑之后，人们预测RNA药物（RNA本身或靶向RNA的化学物质/配体）将成为药物开发的第三个里程碑。因此，迫切需要对当前的治疗性RNA纳米颗粒进行全面评估，以满足药物评估标准。具体而言，需要对RNA纳米颗粒的药理学和免疫学特征进行系统研究，以提供基于RNA的疗法合理设计的见解。凭借其可编程性和生物相容性，RNA分子可以设计为构建具有多种功能/应用和高度可调的理化特性的复杂纳米颗粒。此内在特征允许对RNA纳米粒子的各种特性对其体内行为（例如靶向癌症和免疫反应）的影响进行系统研究。这篇综述将聚焦于RNA纳米颗粒在靶向癌症方面的最新进展，并总结常见物理化学特性（例如大小和形状）对RNA纳米颗粒的生物分布和免疫刺激特性的影响。本文归类于：受生物启发的纳米材料>基于核酸的结构诊断工具>体内纳米诊断和成像治疗方法及药物发现>肿瘤肿瘤用纳米医学。