SummaryResults obtained in randomized trials may not easily generalize to target populations. Whereas in randomized trials the treatment assignment mechanism is known, the sampling mechanism by which individuals are selected to participate in the trial is typically not known and assuming random sampling from the target population is often dubious. We consider an inverse probability of sampling weighted (IPSW) estimator for generalizing trial results to a target population. The IPSW estimator is shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal. A consistent sandwich-type variance estimator is derived and simulation results are presented comparing the IPSW estimator with a previously proposed stratified estimator. The methods are then utilized to generalize results from two randomized trials of human immunodeficiency virus treatment to all people living with the disease in the USA.

中文翻译：

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使用抽样权重的逆概率概括随机试验的证据


摘要随机试验中获得的结果可能不容易推广到目标人群。尽管在随机试验中，治疗分配机制是已知的，但选择个体参与试验的抽样机制通常是未知的，并且从目标人群中随机抽样的假设通常是可疑的。我们考虑使用抽样加权逆概率 (IPSW) 估计器将试验结果推广到目标人群。 IPSW 估计量被证明是一致的且渐近正态的。推导了一致的三明治型方差估计器，并通过将 IPSW 估计器与先前提出的分层估计器进行比较，给出了仿真结果。然后利用这些方法将人类免疫缺陷病毒治疗的两项随机试验的结果推广到美国所有患有该疾病的人。