OBJECTIVES Drawing from an integrated general strain theory framework, the purpose of the study is to examine the longitudinal mediating and moderating mechanisms linking perceived racial discrimination with aggressive delinquency among North American Indigenous (i.e., American Indian and Canadian First Nations) youth. METHODS Data come from an eight-year longitudinal study of Indigenous youth residing on reservations/reserves in the upper-Midwest and Canada (N = 659). Scales were created for discrimination, depressive symptoms, school bonds, and delinquent peer associations at years 2 and 3, and a count measure of aggression was created at years 2, 3, and 5. Cross-lagged path analysis models were estimated to examine possible mediating effects of depressive symptoms, school bonds, and delinquent peer associations. Separate regression models were examined to test for possible moderating effects of the aforementioned variables. RESULTS The results of a longitudinal path analysis model showed that discrimination indirectly increased aggression through decreased school bonds and increased delinquent peer associations. Depressive symptoms was the only significant moderator, and contrary to expectations, the effect of discrimination on aggression declined in magnitude as depressive symptoms increased. CONCLUSIONS Discrimination is a key criminogenic stressor among Indigenous youth and is linked with multiple adverse outcomes through the adolescent years.

中文翻译：

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将感知到的种族歧视与北美土著青年的积极犯罪联系起来的纵向机制。

目标 从一个综合的一般紧张理论框架出发，本研究的目的是研究在北美土著（即美洲印第安人和加拿大第一民族）青年中将感知到的种族歧视与攻击性犯罪联系起来的纵向中介和调节机制。方法 数据来自对居住在中西部上游和加拿大的保留地/保留地的土著青年进行的为期八年的纵向研究（N = 659）。在第 2 年和第 3 年创建了歧视、抑郁症状、学校纽带和不良同伴交往的量表，并在第 2 年、第 3 年和第 5 年创建了攻击性计数度量。估计交叉滞后路径分析模型以检查可能抑郁症状、学校纽带和不良同伴交往的中介效应。检查单独的回归模型以测试上述变量的可能调节作用。结果 纵向路径分析模型的结果表明，歧视通过减少学校联系和增加犯罪同伴协会间接增加了攻击性。抑郁症状是唯一显着的调节因子，与预期相反，歧视对攻击性的影响随着抑郁症状的增加而下降。结论 歧视是土著青年中一个关键的犯罪压力源，并且与整个青少年时期的多种不良后果有关。结果 纵向路径分析模型的结果表明，歧视通过减少学校联系和增加犯罪同伴协会间接增加了攻击性。抑郁症状是唯一显着的调节因子，与预期相反，歧视对攻击性的影响随着抑郁症状的增加而下降。结论 歧视是土著青年中一个关键的犯罪压力源，并且与整个青少年时期的多种不良后果有关。结果 纵向路径分析模型的结果表明，歧视通过减少学校联系和增加犯罪同伴协会间接增加了攻击性。抑郁症状是唯一显着的调节因子，与预期相反，歧视对攻击性的影响随着抑郁症状的增加而下降。结论 歧视是土著青年中一个关键的犯罪压力源，并且与整个青少年时期的多种不良后果有关。