Although previous research has established that employee silence can weaken organizational performance and development, less is known about potential detrimental effects of silence on individual employees, who may believe that they have plausible reasons for remaining silent. We propose negative effects of silence on employee well-being, focusing on relationships of four differentially motivated forms of silence (i.e., acquiescent, quiescent, prosocial, and opportunistic) with three components of employee burnout (depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and perceptions of reduced personal accomplishment). In addition, we present arguments for reciprocal effects of burnout on silence. Using data collected from more than 600 working adults in a four-wave longitudinal study, we examine both (a) the effects of silence on burnout and (b) the effects of burnout on silence using an auto-regressive cross-lagged panel design in a structural equation modeling context. This design controls for effects of prior measurement periods, includes reverse causal relationships, and provides an assessment of stability/change over time. Prior levels of the two imposed forms of silence (i.e., acquiescent and quiescent) had significant effects on the later values of depersonalization and emotional exhaustion, but not on reduced personal accomplishment. In contrast, the more voluntary forms of silence (i.e., prosocial and opportunistic) did not show any significant effects on burnout. We also found consistent evidence that levels of the three burnout dimensions at a prior time related to all four silence types at the subsequent time, with the exception of nonsignificant emotional exhaustion effects on opportunistic silence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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纵向研究员工沉​​默和倦怠的四种不同动机形式之间的关系。

尽管以前的研究已经证实，员工沉默可以削弱组织的绩效和发展，但是人们对沉默对单个员工的潜在有害影响知之甚少，他们可能认为他们有保持沉默的合理原因。我们提出沉默对员工幸福的负面影响，重点关注四种动机不同的沉默形式（即默认，静态，亲社会和机会主义）与员工倦怠的三个组成部分（人格解体，情绪疲惫和减少的观念）之间的关系个人成就）。此外，我们提出了倦怠对沉默的相互影响的观点。在四波纵向研究中，使用从600多名在职成年人中收集的数据，我们在结构方程模型建模环境中使用自回归交叉滞后面板设计研究了（a）沉默对倦怠的影响和（b）倦怠对沉默的影响。该设计控制先前测量周期的影响，包括反向因果关系，并提供随时间变化的稳定性/变化评估。先前强加的两种沉默形式（即默认和静态）对后来的人格解体和情绪疲惫的价值观有重大影响，但对个人成就感却没有影响。相反，更自愿的沉默形式（即亲社会的和机会主义的）对倦怠没有任何明显的影响。我们还发现一致的证据表明，前一个时间的三个倦怠维度的水平与随后时间的所有四个沉默类型有关，除了对机会性沉默的无意义的情绪疲惫影响之外。（PsycINFO数据库记录（c）2018 APA，保留所有权利）。