Adaptive convergent evolution, which refers to the same or similar phenotypes produced by species from independent lineages under similar selective pressures, has been widely examined for a long time. Accumulating studies on the adaptive convergent evolution have been reported from many different perspectives (cellular, anatomical, morphological, physiological, biochemical, and behavioral). Recent advances in the genomic technologies have demonstrated that adaptive convergence can arise from specific genetic mechanisms in different hierarchies, ranging from the same nucleotide or amino acid substitutions to the biological functions or pathways. Among these genetic mechanisms, the same amino acid changes in protein-coding genes play an important role in adaptive phenotypic convergence. Methods for detecting adaptive convergence at the protein sequence level have been constantly debated and developed. Here, we review recent progress on using genomic approaches to evaluate the genetic mechanisms of adaptive convergent evolution, summarize the research methods for identifying adaptive amino acid convergence, and discuss the future perspectives for researching adaptive convergent evolu-tion.

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适应性趋同进化的基因组见解

适应性趋同进化是指来自独立谱系的物种在相似的选择压力下产生相同或相似的表型，长期以来已被广泛研究。人们从许多不同的角度（细胞、解剖、形态、生理、生化和行为）报道了关于适应性趋同进化的大量研究。基因组技术的最新进展表明，适应性趋同可以源于不同层次中的特定遗传机制，从相同的核苷酸或氨基酸取代到生物功能或途径。在这些遗传机制中，蛋白质编码基因中相同的氨基酸变化在适应性表型趋同中发挥着重要作用。在蛋白质序列水平上检测自适应收敛的方法一直在争论和发展。在此，我们回顾了利用基因组方法评估适应性趋同进化遗传机制的最新进展，总结了识别适应性趋同进化的研究方法，并讨论了适应性趋同进化研究的未来前景。