Abstract Heterogony was confirmed in the cynipid genus Cycloneuroterus Melika andTang in rearing experiments with DNA barcoding. These experiments involved Cycloneuroterus gilvusTang and Melika, which was previously only described from the sexual generation adult.The first rearing experiment was conducted using unidentified asexual generation females collected from Quercus gilva Blume, and gall formation by the sexual generation offspring was confirmed on folded or unfolded young leaves of Q. gilva.The second experiment was conducted using sexual generation males and females reared from the leaf galls collected from Q. gilva, and gall formation by the asexual generation offspring was observed on leaves of Q. gilva. Based on the morphological features of the sexual generation adults and galls, this species was identified as C. gilvus.The species identity of wasp specimens of sexual and asexual generations used in the rearing experiments was cross-checked using DNA barcoding with the partial sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region (658 bp). The asexual generation adult and gall of C. gilvus are described based on these results.The importance of ‘closing the life cycle,’ in this case a demonstration of heterogony, in oak gall wasps (Cynipini) is discussed.

中文翻译：

---

来自饲养实验和DNA条形码的Cycloneuroterus（膜翅目：Cynipidae：Cynipini）的异源性

摘要 用DNA条形码的饲养实验证实了cynipid Cycloneuroterus Melika和Tang的异源性。这些实验涉及 Cycloneuroterus gilvusTang 和 Melika，它们以前只描述过有性世代成虫。 第一次饲养实验是使用从 Quercus gilva Blume 收集的不明无性世代雌性进行的，在折叠或展开时证实有性世代后代的瘿形成Q. gilva 的幼叶。第二个实验是用从Q. gilva 收集的叶瘿饲养的有性世代雄性和雌性进行，在Q. gilva 的叶子上观察到无性一代后代瘿形成。根据有性世代成虫和瘿虫的形态特征，该物种被鉴定为C. gilvus。饲养实验中使用的有性和无性世代黄蜂标本的物种身份使用 DNA 条形码与细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 I (COI) 区域 (658 bp) 的部分序列进行交叉检查。基于这些结果描述了 C. gilvus 的无性世代成虫和瘿。讨论了“关闭生命周期”的重要性，在这种情况下，橡树瘿蜂 (Cynipini) 中的异源性示范得到了讨论。