Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
Extracellular signaling is pivotal to maintain organismal homeostasis. A quickly emerging field of interest within extracellular signaling is the study of extracellular vesicles (EV), which act as messaging vehicles for nucleic acids, proteins, metabolites, lipids, etc. from donor cells to recipient cells. This transfer of biologically active material within a vesicular body is similar to the infection of a cell through a virus particle, which transfers genetic material from one cell to another to preserve an infection state, and viruses are known to modulate EV. Although considerable heterogeneity exists within EV and viruses, this review focuses on those that are small (< 200 nm in diameter) and of relatively low density (< 1.3 g/mL). A multitude of isolation methods for EV and virus particles exist. In this review, we present an update on methods for their isolation, purification, and phenotypic characterization. We hope that the information we provide will be of use to basic science and clinical investigators, as well as biotechnologists in this emerging field.
Graphical Abstract
中文翻译：
分离细胞外囊泡和病毒的现代技术。
细胞外信号传导对于维持机体稳态至关重要。细胞外信号传导中一个迅速兴起的兴趣领域是对细胞外囊泡 (EV) 的研究，它充当从供体细胞到受体细胞的核酸、蛋白质、代谢物、脂质等的信息传递工具。这种生物活性物质在水泡体内的转移类似于通过病毒颗粒感染细胞，病毒颗粒将遗传物质从一个细胞转移到另一个细胞以保持感染状态，并且已知病毒可以调节 EV。尽管 EV 和病毒存在相当大的异质性，但本综述重点关注那些小（直径 < 200 nm）和相对低密度（< 1.3 g/mL）的病毒。存在多种分离 EV 和病毒颗粒的方法。在这次审查中，我们介绍了它们的分离、纯化和表型表征方法的更新。我们希望我们提供的信息对基础科学和临床研究人员以及这一新兴领域的生物技术专家有用。
图形概要
Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
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