Abstract

Nowadays, electrochemical techniques can be considered as a suitable alternative technique besides UV/Vis spectroscopy, liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, mass spectroscopy, NMR for evaluation and determination of different electroactive compounds. Solid electrodes such as carbon and metal-based substrates are common for electrochemical applications. Especially, during two past decades, different types of modified electrodes with these solid electrodes have been developed for fast, sensitive, and selective analysis of various important analyses (biomolecules, enzymes, and drugs) in a wide range of real samples. These applications are highly efficient, cost effective and facile fabrication procedures of the electrode modification can be employed. In the present review, at first, some recently developed high performance bare and modified electrodes are evaluated based on their outstanding properties. In the next step, developed new procedures or fabricated modified electrodes with good sensitivity based on simple and cheap protocols are introduced and discussed.

摘要

如今，电化学技术可以被认为是除紫外/可见光谱，液相色谱，毛细管电泳，质谱，NMR以外的合适替代技术，用于评估和确定不同的电活性化合物。固态电极（如碳和金属基基板）在电化学应用中很常见。特别是在过去的二十年中，已经开发了带有这些固体电极的不同类型的修饰电极，用于对各种真实样品中的各种重要分析（生物分子，酶和药物）进行快速，灵敏和选择性的分析。这些应用是高效的，成本有效的，并且可以采用电极修饰的容易的制造过程。在本次审查中，首先，根据一些新近开发的高性能裸电极和改性电极的出色性能，对它们进行了评估。在下一步中，将介绍和讨论基于简单而廉价的协议开发的新程序或具有良好灵敏度的修饰电极。