Warburg and coworkers' observation of altered glucose metabolism in tumours has been neglected for several decades, which, in part, was because of an initial misinterpretation of the basis of their finding. Following the realisation that genetic alterations are often linked to metabolism, and that the tumour micro-environment imposes different demands on cancer cells, has led to a reinvestigation of cancer metabolism in recent years. Increasing our understanding of the drivers and consequences of the Warburg effect in cancer and beyond will help to identify new therapeutic strategies as well as to identify new prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers. Here we discuss the initial findings of Warburg and coworkers regarding cancer cell glucose metabolism, how these studies came into focus again in recent years following the discovery of metabolic oncogenes, and the therapeutic potential that lies within targeting the altered metabolic phenotype in cancer. In addition, another essential nutrient in cancer metabolism, glutamine, will be discussed.

中文翻译：

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Warburg 和 Krebs 及其对癌症的相关影响

几十年来，Warburg 及其同事对肿瘤中葡萄糖代谢改变的观察一直被忽视，部分原因是最初对他们发现的基础的误解。随着人们认识到遗传改变通常与新陈代谢有关，并且肿瘤微环境对癌细胞提出了不同的要求，近年来导致了对癌症代谢的重新研究。增加我们对 Warburg 效应在癌症及其他领域的驱动因素和后果的理解将有助于确定新的治疗策略以及确定新的预后和治疗生物标志物。在这里，我们讨论 Warburg 及其同事关于癌细胞葡萄糖代谢的初步发现，近年来，随着代谢癌基因的发现，这些研究如何再次成为人们关注的焦点，以及靶向癌症中改变的代谢表型的治疗潜力。此外，还将讨论癌症代谢中的另一种必需营养素谷氨酰胺。