Objective: This prospective, longitudinal investigation examined psychological violence across generations. We examined how parent psychological violence experienced during adolescence influenced the stability of one’s own intimate partner psychological violence perpetration across time and how psychological violence is related to harsh parenting in adulthood. Method: Data came from 193 parents and their adolescent who participated from adolescence through adulthood. Parental psychological violence was assessed in early adolescence. Partner violence was assessed in late adolescence, emerging adulthood, and adulthood. Harsh parenting to their offspring was assessed in adulthood. Results: Parent psychological violence in early adolescence was associated with one’s own intimate partner psychological violence in late adolescence. Partner psychological violence was stable from emerging adulthood to adulthood. Moreover, parental violence was also related to their own harsh parenting in adulthood. Conclusions: Findings suggest that children exposed to parental psychological violence during adolescence may have greater difficulty developing acceptable behaviors in their own romantic relationships over time, as well as parenting their own child in adulthood. Findings highlight the importance for clinicians and policymakers to develop and utilize effective educational and preventive interventions designed toward not only adolescent behaviors, but also that of the parent. Understanding how the family environment impacts current and long-term functioning is important in helping stop the cycle of violence across generations.

中文翻译：

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心理暴力的代际连续性：亲密伴侣关系和严厉的养育方式。


目的：这项前瞻性、纵向调查研究了代际间的心理暴力。我们研究了青春期经历的父母心理暴力如何影响自己亲密伴侣心理暴力随时间推移的稳定性，以及心理暴力与成年后严厉的养育方式有何关系。方法：数据来自 193 名父母及其青少年，他们从青春期一直到成年都参与其中。在青春期早期对父母心理暴力进行了评估。在青春期后期、成年初期和成年期对伴侣暴力进行了评估。对后代的严厉养育是在成年后进行的。结果：青春期早期父母的心理暴力与青春期后期亲密伴侣的心理暴力相关。从成年初期到成年期，伴侣心理暴力是稳定的。此外，父母的暴力也与他们成年后严厉的养育方式有关。结论：研究结果表明，在青春期遭受父母心理暴力的孩子，随着时间的推移，在自己的恋爱关系中以及在成年后抚养自己的孩子时，可能会更难以发展出可接受的行为。研究结果强调了临床医生和政策制定者制定和利用有效的教育和预防干预措施的重要性，这些干预措施不仅针对青少年行为，而且针对父母的行为。了解家庭环境如何影响当前和长期的功能对于帮助阻止代际间的暴力循环非常重要。