INTRODUCTION Exposure to acrylamide is increasing worldwide as a result of its heavy use in industry and formation in carbohydrate-rich food cooked at high temperature. Despite its neurotoxicity, no studies have shown its toxic effects on dopaminergic neurons yet. Therefore, the current study was carried out to show whether acrylamide adversely affects primary cultured dopaminergic neurons. MATERIAL AND METHODS Acrylamide (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 2 mM) was added to two different groups of primary mesencephalic cell cultures on the 9th day in vitro for 24 and 48 h, respectively. Moreover, a group of cultures was treated with lower concentrations of acrylamide (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 mM) on the 6th day in vitro for 5 consecutive days to investigate its long-term effects on dopaminergic neurons. Following each treatment, culture media were obtained for measuring lactate dehydrogenase, and cultured cells were stained immunocytochemically against tyrosine hydroxylase and neuronal nuclear antigens. RESULTS Treatment of cultures with acrylamide for 48 h significantly reduced the number of dopaminergic neurons, adversely altered the morphology of the surviving neurons and increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase in the culture media. Similar treatment of cultures with acrylamide also resulted in lower numbers of total neuronal cells as shown by a reduced expression of the neuronal nuclear antigen. Prolonged treatment of cultures with lower concentrations of acrylamide slightly reduced the survival of dopaminergic neurons but increased the release of lactate dehydrogenase into the culture media as well. CONCLUSIONS The current study shows, for the first time, neurotoxicity of acrylamide on dopaminergic neurons in the primary mesencephalic cell culture.

中文翻译：

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丙烯酰胺对原代中脑细胞培养物中多巴胺能神经元的神经毒性作用。

简介 由于丙烯酰胺在工业中的大量使用以及在高温烹制的富含碳水化合物的食物中的形成，丙烯酰胺的暴露量正在全球范围内增加。尽管具有神经毒性，但尚无研究表明其对多巴胺能神经元的毒性作用。因此，目前的研究表明丙烯酰胺是否会对原代培养的多巴胺能神经元产生不利影响。材料和方法 丙烯酰胺（0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 2 mM）在体外第9天分别加入两组不同的原代中脑细胞培养物24和48小时。此外，一组培养物在体外第 6 天用较低浓度的丙烯酰胺（0.01、0.05、0.1、0.5 mM）处理连续 5 天，以研究其对多巴胺能神经元的长期影响。每次治疗后，获得用于测量乳酸脱氢酶的培养基，并将培养的细胞针对酪氨酸羟化酶和神经元核抗原进行免疫细胞化学染色。结果用丙烯酰胺处理培养物 48 小时显着减少了多巴胺能神经元的数量，不利地改变了存活神经元的形态并增加了培养基中乳酸脱氢酶的水平。用丙烯酰胺对培养物进行类似处理也导致神经元细胞总数减少，如神经元核抗原表达减少所示。用较低浓度的丙烯酰胺对培养物进行长时间处理会稍微降低多巴胺能神经元的存活率，但也会增加乳酸脱氢酶向培养基中的释放。结论 目前的研究首次表明，